CHAPTER III ROADS AND STREETS TOC-III-3 of 3 CHAPTER III ROADS AND STREETS CHAPTER CONTENTS Page No.I...........................................................................................................GENERAL 1 A. Introduction............................................................................................................1 B. Definitions .............................................................................................................1 C. Authorization, Permits ...........................................................................................3 D. Abbreviations.........................................................................................................4 II. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................4 A. Pre-Design Meeting ...............................................................................................4 B. Preliminary Considerations....................................................................................4 1. Factors to be Considered in Trafficway Design ........................................4 2. Survey Requirements.................................................................................5 3. Right-of-Way Requirements......................................................................6 4. General Development Plan ........................................................................7 5. Preliminary Studies....................................................................................7 6. Design Speed .............................................................................................7 C. Traffic Studies........................................................................................................8 1. Necessity of Study .....................................................................................8 2. Level of Service Study...............................................................................8 3. Presentation and Use of Results of Study................................................14 D. Horizontal Alignment ..........................................................................................14 1. Selection of General Alignment ..............................................................14 2. Horizontal Curves ....................................................................................15 3. Superelevation and Warping....................................................................16 4. Sight Distance ..........................................................................................16 E. Vertical Alignment ..............................................................................................17 1. Allowable Grades of Trafficways............................................................17 2. Vertical Curves ........................................................................................18 3. Sight Distance ..........................................................................................19 F. Cross-Section Elements .......................................................................................23 1. Use of Typical Sections in Standard Details ...........................................23 2. Pavement Criteria ....................................................................................23 3. Shoulders .................................................................................................24 4. Valley Gutters ..........................................................................................24 5. Sidewalks .................................................................................................24 6. Bikeways..................................................................................................25 7. Guardrail ..................................................................................................25 8. Underdrains..............................................................................................25 Published: 01/01 Revised: TOC-III-3 of 3 9. Gutters and Ditches..................................................................................26 10. Bus Stop Widening ..................................................................................26 11. Street Lighting.........................................................................................27 G. Intersection Design..............................................................................................28 1. Horizontal Alignment and Spacing: ........................................................28 2. Layout of Curbs, Pavement Edges and Property Lines at Intersections..29 3. Intersections With State Highway ...........................................................30 4. Vertical Alignment ..................................................................................30 5. Sight Distance..........................................................................................31 6. Turning/Storage and Merge Lane Design................................................32 7. Signalization Warrants.............................................................................33 8. Traffic Signal Design...............................................................................34 9. Speed Control Devices.............................................................................34 H. Private Entrances.................................................................................................34 1. Location of Driveways - General.............................................................34 2. Commercial/Industrial Entrances............................................................35 3. Residential Entrances...............................................................................37 I. Special Trafficways.............................................................................................38 1. Alleys .......................................................................................................38 2. Cul-de-Sac, Alley Entrances, Driveways ................................................38 3. Tee Turn-Arounds....................................................................................39 J. Construction Affecting Existing Roadways ........................................................39 1. Utility Location and Trench Repair.........................................................39 2. Restoration of Roadways Affected by Excavations ................................39 3. Maintenance of Traffic in Construction Areas ........................................40 III. CONTRACT DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS.......................................................40 A. Reports .................................................................................................................40 B. Design Calculations.............................................................................................41 C. Contract Drawings...............................................................................................41 1. Street Names ............................................................................................41 2. Widths of Rights-of-Way, Pavement and Easements ..............................41 3. Topography..............................................................................................41 4. Coordinates, Bearing and Ties.................................................................42 5. Horizontal Curve Information .................................................................42 6. Stationing .................................................................................................42 D. Contract Specifications........................................................................................43 E. Estimates of Quantities and Costs .......................................................................43 F. Cross-Sections .....................................................................................................43 IV. APPENDIX.....................................................................................................................43 A. References............................................................................................................43 B. Road and Street Contract Drawing Check List....................................................50 C. Maximum Degree of Curvature...........................................................................52 Published: 01/01 Revised: TOC-III-3 of 3 D. Superelevation Transitions ..................................................................................53 E. Minimum Length of Speed - Change Lanes........................................................59 F. Ratio of Speed Change Lane Length to Grade ....................................................60 G. Sight Distance on Horizontal Curves...................................................................61 H. Critical Length of Grade......................................................................................63 I. Design Controls For Vertical Curves...................................................................64 J. Sight Distance at Intersections.............................................................................71 K. Horizontal Circular Curve ...................................................................................72 L. Widening Computations ......................................................................................73