Instituto Interuniversitario de Desarrollo Social y Paz DOCTORADO EN ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES DE PAZ, CONFLICTOS Y DESAROLLO Tesis Doctoral Dancing Conflicts, Unfolding Peaces: Dance as Method to Elicit Conflict Transformation Presentada por: Paula Ditzel Facci Dirigida por: Dr. Norbert Koppensteiner Castellón de la Plana, Mayo 2017 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 1 Extracto de la Tesis Doctoral en Castellano ............................................................................... 2 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 16 1 Objective and Motivation ...................................................................................................... 19 1.1 Author’s Perspective ....................................................................................................... 19 1.2 Research Interest ............................................................................................................. 24 1.3 Method and Structure ...................................................................................................... 28 1.3.1 Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 29 1.3.2 Workshops on Culture of Peace Informed by Dance and Movement ...................... 29 1.3.3 Personal Experiences with Dance ............................................................................. 39 1.3.4 Research/Practice Group on Dance as a Method to Elicit Transformation .............. 48 1.4 State of the Art ................................................................................................................ 60 2 Many Peaces and the Transrational Perspective.................................................................... 67 2.1 Many Peaces .................................................................................................................... 69 2.1.1 Energetic Peaces ....................................................................................................... 73 2.1.2 Moral Peaces ............................................................................................................. 90 2.1.3 Modern Peaces ........................................................................................................ 113 2.1.4 Postmodern Peaces ................................................................................................. 124 2.1.5 Reflection ................................................................................................................ 138 2.2 The Transrational Perspective ....................................................................................... 141 3 Elicitive Conflict Transformation ........................................................................................ 165 3.1 Conflict Transformation ................................................................................................ 168 3.2 The Elicitive Approach ................................................................................................. 182 3.3 Elicitive Conflict Transformation Methods .................................................................. 191 4 Dance as a Method to Elicit Conflict Transformation and Unfold Peaces .......................... 213 4.1 Body, Presence, and Time ............................................................................................. 217 4.1.1 First Session ............................................................................................................ 217 4.1.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 221 4.1.3 Reflections .............................................................................................................. 230 4.2 Breath, Senses, and Space ............................................................................................. 244 4.2.1 Second Session ....................................................................................................... 244 4.2.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 249 4.2.3 Reflections .............................................................................................................. 255 4.3 Pain, Feelings, and Observation .................................................................................... 265 4.3.1 Third session ........................................................................................................... 265 4.3.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 269 4.3.3 Reflections .............................................................................................................. 276 4.4 Suffering, Emotions, and Nonjudgment ........................................................................ 281 4.4.1 Fourth session ......................................................................................................... 281 4.4.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 285 4.4.3 Reflections .............................................................................................................. 299 4.5 Energy, Power, and Partnering ...................................................................................... 307 4.5.1 Fifth session ............................................................................................................ 307 4.5.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 312 4.5.3 Reflections .............................................................................................................. 319 4.6 Opposites, Shadow, and Tension .................................................................................. 324 4.6.1 Sixth session ........................................................................................................... 324 4.6.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 327 4.6.3 Reflections .............................................................................................................. 335 4.7 Dancing as a Way of Living .......................................................................................... 343 4.7.1 Seventh Session ...................................................................................................... 343 4.7.2 Interview ................................................................................................................. 346 4.7.3 Reflections .............................................................................................................. 362 Limitations, Challenges, and Recommendations ................................................................... 371 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 379 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 390 Books ................................................................................................................................... 390 Movies ................................................................................................................................. 400 Websites .............................................................................................................................. 400 Music ................................................................................................................................... 400 Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 403 Appendix A: Informed Consent Form ................................................................................ 403 Appendix B: Pre and Post-Test Form ................................................................................. 404 Appendix C: NVC-based Reflection ................................................................................... 406 Appendix D: Collected Responses to the NVC-Based Reflection ...................................... 407 Appendix E: Pre-test Compilation of Responses ................................................................ 409 Appendix F: Post-test Compilation of Responses ............................................................... 416 1 Acknowledgments I would like to express deep gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Norbert Koppensteiner, for his caring guidance and encouraging motivation during this journey. His inestimable insights contributed substantially in the development of this research. I am also thankful to Dr. Wolfgang Dietrich for his continuous support and inspiration. To Dr. Johonna Turner and the Center for Justice and Peacebuilding at the Eastern Mennonite University, my sincere gratitude for hosting me and