APWH Key Terms I. Foundations Term Description 1. prehistory vs. history 2. features of civilization 3. Paleolithic Era 4. Neolithic Era 5. family units, clans, tribes 6. foraging societies 7. nomadic hunters/gatherers 8. Ice Age 9. civilization 10. Neolithic Revolution 11. Domestication of plants and animals 12. nomadic pastoralism 13. migratory farmers 14. irrigation systems 15. metalworking 16. ethnocentrism 17. sedentary agriculture 18. shifting cultivation 19. slash-and-burn agriculture 20. cultural diffusion 21. specialization of labor 22. gender division of labor 23. metallurgy and metalworking 24. Fertile Crescent 25. Gilgamesh 26. Hammurabi’s Law Code 27. Egypt 28. Egyptian Book of the Dead 29. pyramids 30. hieroglyphics 31. Indus valley civilization 32. early China 33. the Celts 34. the Hittites and iron weapons 35. the Assyrians and cavalry warfare 36. The Persian Empire 37. The Hebrews and monotheism 38. the Phoenicians and the alphabet 39. the Lydians and coinage 40. Greek city-states 41. democracy 42. Persian Wars 43. Peloponnesian War 44. Alexander the Great 45. Hellenism 46. Homer 47. Socrates and Plato 48. Aristotle 49. Western scientific thought 50. Roman Republic 51. plebians vs. patricians 52. Punic Wars 53. Julius Caesar 54. Roman Empire 55. Qin, Han, Tang Dynasties 56. Shi Huangdi 57. Chinese tributary system 58. the Silk Road 59. Nara and Heian Japan 60. the Fujiwara clan 61. Lady Murasaki and “The Tale of Genji 62. Central Asia and Mongolia 63. the Aryan invasion of India 64. Dravidians 65. Indian caste system 66. Ashoka 67. Constantinople/Byzantine Empire 68. Justinian 69. early Medieval Europe “Dark Ages” 70. feudalism 71. Olmec 72. Maya 73. Andean societies 74. Mississippian culture 75. Anasazi 76. republics/democracies 77. theocracy 78. slavery vs. serfdom 79. war 80. trade routes 81. polytheism 100. Zoroastrianism 101. the Ten Commandments 102. the Torah 103. the Talmud 104. YHWH 105. Abraham 106. Moses and the Exodus from Egypt – Passover 107. David and Solomon 108. Vedism (Rig-Veda) 109. Hinduism (Upanishads, Mahabharata, Bhagavad-Gita) 110. samsara, karma, dharma 111. Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva 112. Buddhism 113. Four Noble Truths 114. Eightfold Path 115. Siddhartha Gautama 116. nirvana 117. Theravada (Hinayana) and Mahayana Buddhism 118. Daoism 119. Tao-te Chng and the I Ching 120. Laozi 121. Confucianism 122. Analects 123. K’ung Fu-tzu (Confucius) 124. Mandate of Heaven 125. Judeo-Christian tradition 126. Jesus of Nazareth 127. the Bible (Old and New Testament) 128. Crucifixion and Resurrection (Easter) 129. Peter and Paul 130. Constantine and the Edict of Milan 131. Saint Augustine 132. Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism (Great Schism of 1054) Key Terms – Unit 2 1. Abbasid 2. Abu Bakr 3. Ali 4. Axum 5. Baghdad 6. Battle of Tours 7. Benin 8. Bourbons 9. Burghers 10. Byzantine Empire 11. Caliphate 12. Carolingian Dynasty 13. Caste 14. Charlemagne 15. Charles Martel 16. Chichen Itza 17. Code of Bushido 18. Code of chivalry 19. Crusades 20. Czar 21. Daimyo 22. Dome of the Rock 23. Dynasty 24. Eleanor of Aquitaine 25. Emperor Xuanzong 26. Ferdinand 27. Feudalism 28. Five Pillars of Islam 29. Franks 30. Genghis Khan 31. Golden Horde 32. Hagia Sophia 33. Hanseatic League 34. Heresies 35. Holy Roman Empire 36. Hordes 37. Hundred Years’ War 38. Incan 39. Inquisition 40. Interregnum 41. Islam 42. Ivan the Terrible 43. Joan of Arc 44. Justinian 45. Justinian Code 46. King Clovis 47. King Hugh Capet 48. Kublai Khan 49. Kush 50. Machu Picchu 51. Magna Carta 52. Magyars 53. Mali 54. Manors 55. Mansa Musa 56. Marco Polo 57. Mayan 58. Mecca 59. Medina 60. Mesoamerica 61. Middle Ages 62. Ming 63. Mohammed 64. Mongol 65. Muslims 66. Oral literature 67. Orthodox Christianity 68. Otto the Great 69. Peasant 70. Pepin 71. Pope 72. Pope Innocent III 73. Primogeniture 74. Prince Shotoku 75. Queen Isabella 76. quipu 77. Qur’an 78. Scholasticism 79. Serfs 80. Shogun 81. Shogunate (bakufu) 82. Song 83. Song 84. Spanish Inquisition 85. St. Cyril 86. Sufis 87. Sunni/Shia 88. T’ang 89. Taika Reforms 90. Tang 91. Tatars 92. Temple of the Sun 93. Tenochtitlan 94. Thomas Aquinas 95. Tikal 96. Timur Lang 97. Timur the Lame 98. Treaty of Verdun 99. Umayidd 100. Vassals 101. Viking/Norse 102. Vladimir 103. William the Conqueror 104. Wu Zhao 105. 106. provincial leaders 107. Sharia 108. ulama 109. jihad 110. bedouins 111. Moors 112. Sephardim 113. Christian monks 114. ideographic 115. Cyrillic alphabet 116. Hagia Sofia 117. woodblock printing 118. Arabesque 119. astrolabe 120. Arabic numerals 121. mosque 122. minaret 123. dome 124. pillars 125. vernacular languages 126. polyphonic music 127. Romanesque 128. Avicenna 129. Al Razi 130. Al Khwarizmi 131. Omar Khayyam 132. Rubaiyat in Persian 133. Li Tai-Po 134. Orthodox 135. Conservative 136. Hadith 137. Legalism 138. Shinto 139. Tao Te Ching 140. Thousand and One Nights 141. Great Schism 142. Patriarch 143. Greek Orthodox Church 144. Roman Catholic Church 145. Swahili 146. Sofala 147. Kilwa 148. monsoons 149. Silk Road 150. mawali 151. Mali Empire 152. Songhay Empire 153. hajj 154. scholar gentry 155. Ibn Battuta 156. Mansa Musa 157. Ibn Battuta 158. calligraphy 159. monochrome 160. footbinding as metaphor 161. interregnum 162. shogun 163. puppet emperor 164. Taika reforms 165. uji 166. warlordism 167. imperial bureaucracy 168. Muhammad 169. caliph 170. Ali 171. Yuan dynasty 172. junk 173. compass 174. abacus 175. movable type 176. landscape painting 177. currency-based economy 178. new strains of rice 179. Prince Shotoku 180. Yamato clan 181. compatibility of Chinese values 182. sedentary agriculture 183. shifting cultivation 184. pastoral nomadism 185. foraging 186. feudalism 187. manorialism 188. fiefs 189. vassals 190. reciprocal relationship 191. samurai 192. nation-states 193. absolute despotism 194. William the Conqueror 195. jury system 196. King John 197. Magna Carta 198. Parliament 199. power of the purse 200. Hugh Capets 201. Sundiata 202. Timbuktu 203. Louis IX 204. centralized monarchy 205. Renaissance 206. Aristotle 207. Plato 208. Cicero 209. humanism 210. scholasticism 211. Byzantine Empire 212. iconoclastic controversy 213. clergy 214. Avignon 215. Reformation 216. Counter-reformation 217. Charlemagne 218. Eleanor of Aquitaine 219. Humanists 220. Vikings 221. Code of chivalry 222. Code of the samurai 223. Demesne land 224. Guilds 225. Gothic architecture 226. Hanseatic League 227. Hundred Years War 228. Interdict 229. Inquisition 230. Monasticism, importance of 231. Northern Renaissance 232. High Renaissance 233. Papal States 234. Russian Orthodox Church 235. Perspective in art 236. Villein 237. Seljuk Turks 238. Ottoman Turks 239. sultan 240. Crusade 241. Bantu 242. Zimbabwe 243. Mamluks 244. Tatars 245. Genghis Khan 246. khanates 247. Golden Horde 248. Khazars 249. Kievan Russia 250. city-states 251. national identity 252. Balkan Peninsula 253. steppes 254. bubonic plague 255. Black Death 256. Bosporus 257. Dardanelles 258. Mesoamerica 259. Maya 260. Toltecs 261. Quetzalcoatl 262. priest-scholars 263. differentiated labor 264. ceremonial centers 265. mounds 266. pyramids 267. Inca 268. Hillside terracing 269. Quipu 270. tribute 271. Tula 272. Aztec Empire 273. Hernan Cortes 274. Montezuma 275. Francisco Pizarro 276. Atahualpa 277. Cuzco 278. Teotihuacan 279. Acculturation 280. Calpulli 281. Despotism 282. bakufu 283. bushi 284. bushido 285. celadon 286. daimyo 287. Gempei Wars 288. kowtow 289. Neo-Confucianism 290. seppuku 291. tea ceremony 292. Allah 293. Battle of Tours 294. Five Pillars 295. harem 296. hijrah 297. Ka'aba 298. People of the Book 299. Ramadan 300. shariah 301. umma 302. zakat 303. benefice 304. excommunication 305. investiture 306. medieval 307. Middle Ages 308. moldboard plow 309. age grade 310. Austronesian 311. caravel 312. griots 313. kamikaze 314. Khan 315. lateen sail 316. Malay sailors 317. Maori 318. metropolitan 319. Middle Kingdom 320. Ming dynasty 321. Mongol Peace 322. stateless society 323. steppe diplomacy 324. syncretism 325. Anasazi 326. ayllus 327. Chimor 328. chinampas 329. Mexica 330. Mississippians 331. mita 332. parallel descent 333. Quechua Early Modern Period – 1450‐1750 Key Terms 1. Babur 2. Akbar 3. Sha Jahan 4. Charles V 5. conquistador 6. Henry of Navarre 7. Hideyoshi 8. Ivan the Great 9. Louis XIV 10. Prince Henry the Navigator 11. Oliver Cromwell 12. ronin 13. Sikhs 14. Suleiman I 15. Sunni Ali 16. Guinea states 17. Indo‐Gangetic Plain 18. Lepanto 19. Act of Toleration 20. Capitalism 21. Entrepreneur 22. joint stock company 23. Dutch East India Company 24. British East India Company 25. Treaty of Tordesillas 26. Parlement 27. Baroque 28. Elizabeth I 29. John Calvin 30. English Enlightenment 31. Footbinding 32. German Entitlement 33. Huguenots 34. Italian Renaissance 35. Jesuits 36. Northern Renaissance 37. Philosophes 38. Puritans 39. Rococo 40. Architecture of the Renaissance 41. Deism 42. Patronage of the arts 43. Printing Press 44. absolute monarchy 45. boyars 46. Cossacks 47. creoles 48. devshirme 49. divine right 50. Dutch learning 51. encomienda 52. Enlightenment 53. Estates‐General 54. Glorious Revolution 55. Hagia Sophia 56. Janissaries 57. Mancus 58. mercantilism 59. mestizos 60. Mughal dynasty 61. mulatto 62. nation‐state 63. parliamentary monarchy 64. peninsulares 65. purdah 66. Qing dynasty 67. Reconquista 68. sovereignty 69. Taj Mahal 70. Tokugawa Shogunate 71. viceroyalty 72. caravel 73. Columbian Exchange 74. factor 75. Northwest Passage 76. Middle Passage 77. triangular trade 78. Catholic Reformation – Counter Reformation 79. commercial revolution 80. empirical research 81. excommunication 82. Enlightenment 83. heliocentric theory 84. indulgence 85. laissez‐faire economics 86. natural laws 87. Nintey‐Five Theses 88. predestination 89. Protestant Reformation 90. Society of Jesus 91. Martin Luther 92. Henry VIII 93. Protestant doctrines 94. Saint Ignatius Loyola 95. European religious wars 96. Thirty Years War 97. Louis XIV 98. Maria Theresa and Joseph II 99. Frederick the Great 100. English Civil War 101. Copernicus 102. Galileo 103. Sir Isaac Newton 104.