PART II: RV AKADEMIK LAVRENTYEV CRUISE 29 LEG 2 PUSAN - SEA OF OKHOTSK - PUSAN - VLADIVOSTOK JUNE 27 - AUGUST 7, 2002 Table of contents PART II: CRUISE REPORT LV29: SECOND LEG OF THE 29TH CRUISE OF RV AKADEMIK LAVRENTYEV, JUNE-AUGUST 2002 1. CRUISE NARRATIVE................................................................................93 By N. Biebow and R. Kulinich 2. HIGH-RESOLUTION ECHOSOUNDER PROFILING ON LV29 – TECHNICAL ASPECTS.............................................................................98 By J. Wunderlich 2.1 Echosounders for high-resolution subbottom profiling ...................................98 2.2 Linear and non-linear acoustics......................................................................98 2.3 Parametric Sediment Echosounder System SES-2000DS ...............................99 2.4 Installing the echosounder equipment...........................................................100 2.5 Results.........................................................................................................101 3. RESULTS OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SUBBOTTOM PROFILING......104 By T. Lüdmann 4. WATER COLUMN STUDIES..................................................................110 By A. Salyuk, V. Sosnin, A. Obzhirov, G. Pavlova, and N. Biebow 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................110 4.2 Amur River and NW Sakhalin area ..............................................................110 4.3 Derugin Basin..............................................................................................111 4.4 Kurile Basin.................................................................................................112 5. THE CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM IN THE OKHOTSK SEA.............115 By G. Pavlova, A. Salyuk, V. Sosnin, N. Biebow, and L. Lembke 5.1 Sea water sampling and analysis ..................................................................115 5.2 Results and discussion .................................................................................115 5.2.1 Slope of Sakhalin Island (depth 370-1,800 m)..............................................115 5.2.1.1 South-north transect.....................................................................................115 5.2.1.2 Derugin Basin..............................................................................................117 5.2.2 Sakhalin Gulf...............................................................................................120 5.2.3 Kurile Basin.................................................................................................122 5.2.4 Bottom water study......................................................................................123 6. METHANE INVESTIGATIONS..............................................................126 By A. Obzhirov 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................126 6.2 Method ........................................................................................................126 6.3 Results.........................................................................................................126 6.3.1 Methane distribution in the water column.....................................................126 6.3.1.1 Western slope of the Kurile Basin ................................................................126 6.3.1.2 Sakhalin slope..............................................................................................127 6.3.1.3 Sakhalin Gulf...............................................................................................127 6.3.1.4 Northern part of the Okhotsk Sea .................................................................127 6.3.1.5 Derugin Basin..............................................................................................128 6.3.1.6 Western slope of Kamchatka........................................................................128 6.3.1.7 Kurile Basin.................................................................................................128 6.3.1.8 Discussion ...................................................................................................128 6.3.1.9 Conclusions .................................................................................................129 6.3.2 Methane distribution in sediment cores ........................................................129 6.3.2.1 Conclusions .................................................................................................130 7. PLANKTON SAMPLING.........................................................................131 By A. Abelmann and T. Pollak 7.1 Water column studies...................................................................................132 7.2 Surface sediment studies ..............................................................................133 8. PALEOCEANOLOGY AND SEDIMENTATION ..................................134 By N. Biebow, S. Astakhov, A. Botsul, S. Gorbarenko, L. Lembke, T. Lüdmann, A. Derkachev, N. Nikolayeva, and A. Salyuk 8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................134 8.1.1 Interaction of Amur River with oceanography and sedimentation in the Okhotsk Sea .......................................................................................134 8.1.2 High-resolution time scale study of the Pacific water inflow variability and the influence on paleoceanography ........................................................134 8.1.3 History of water exchange with the Japan Sea – La Perusa Strait`s influence on the Okhotsk Sea paleoenvironment during the Quaternary and Holocene......................................................................................................134 8.2 Material and methods...................................................................................135 8.2.1 POI approach ...............................................................................................135 8.2.1.1 Sampling......................................................................................................135 8.2.1.2 Mechanical properties of sediments..............................................................135 8.2.1.3 Magnetic susceptibility of sediments............................................................136 8.2.2 GEOMAR approach.....................................................................................136 8.2.3 Sediment stratigraphy and age model ...........................................................137 8.3 Results.........................................................................................................137 8.3.1 Westnorthern Kurile Basin - south Sakhalin slope profile.............................137 8.3.1.1 SL-R (LV29-70-2, LV29-72-2)....................................................................137 8.3.1.2 SL-G (LV29-70-3, LV29-72-3)....................................................................137 8.3.2. North Sakhalin slope....................................................................................140 8.3.2.1 Setting .........................................................................................................140 8.3.2.2 SL-R (LV29-78-2, LV29-79-2, LV29-82-1).................................................140 8.3.2.3 SL-G (LV29-78-3, LV29-79-3)....................................................................140 8.3.2.4 Early diagenetic alterations ..........................................................................143 8.3.3 Kashevarov Bank (LV29-94-2)....................................................................143 8.3.3.1 Setting .........................................................................................................143 8.3.3.2 SL-R (LV29-94-2) .......................................................................................143 8.3.3.3 SL-G (LV29-94-3).......................................................................................143 8.3.4 Sakhalin Gulf (LV29-89, LV29-91) .............................................................144 8.3.4.1 Setting .........................................................................................................144 8.3.4.2 SL-R/ SL-G .................................................................................................145 8.3.5 Derugin Basin (LV29-103, LV29-104) ........................................................145 8.3.5.1 Recent environments and coring position .....................................................145 8.3.5.2 Sediment peculiarities..................................................................................146 8.3.5.3 Stratigraphy and origin of black sediments...................................................147 8.3.6 West Kamchatka profile (LV29-106, LV29-108) .........................................147 8.3.6.1 Setting .........................................................................................................147 8.3.6.2 SL-R (LV29-106-2, LV29-108-4) ................................................................147 8.3.6.3 SL-G (LV29-106-6, LV29-108-5)................................................................148 8.3.7 Eastern Kurile Basin slope profile (LV29-110, LV29-112, LV29-114).........150 8.3.7.1 Setting .........................................................................................................150 8.3.7.2 SL-R (LV29-110-2, LV29-112-2, LV29-114-2)...........................................150