Eur. J. Entomol. 106: 441–450, 2009 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1471 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Revision of the Iteaphila setosa group (Diptera: Empididae) IGOR V. SHAMSHEV 1 and BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR2 1All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 189620, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 2Ottawa Plant & Seed Laboratories – Entomology, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Iteaphila, Empidoidea, Empididae, taxonomy, new species, distribution Abstract. Six species are identified in the Iteaphila setosa group [I. arundela sp. n., I. caucasica sp. n., I. italica Loew, 1873, I. kubaniensis sp. n., I. merzi sp. n., I. setosa (Bezzi, 1924)]. This species group is distributed from southern England in the west, through southern Europe and northern Africa, to the Caucasus and Middle Asia (Uzbekistan). INTRODUCTION London, England (BMNH); Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada (CNC); Peter Hodge collection At higher northern latitudes and montane regions, the [private], Lewes, England (DODC); Museo Civico di Storia genus Iteaphila Zetterstedt, 1838 is one of the first polli- Naturale, Milan, Italy (MSNM); Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, nators active in early spring, primarily visiting flowers of Geneva, Switzerland (MHNG); National Museum of Ireland, Prunus and Salix and other spring flowers. Apart from Dublin, Ireland (NMID); National Museum of Scotland, Edin- these collection records, little is known about the biology burgh, Scotland (NMSE); National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, of Iteaphila. There are currently some 19 recognized spe- UK (NMWC); Oxford University Museum of Natural History, cies of Iteaphila (Shamshev & Sinclair, unpubl. data), Oxford, England (OUMNH); World Museum of Liverpool, including at least two Holarctic species (I. nitidula Zet- Liverpool, England (WML); United States National Museum of terstedt, 1838, I. macquarti Zetterstedt, 1838). Iteaphila Natural History, Washington, DC, USA (USNM); Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZIN); Museum für Naturkunde includes quite small (about 3.0 mm) blackish grey flies der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (ZMHB); with long antennae, conspicuously lengthened proboscis Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Moscow, and palpi (which are usually directed forward and sube- Russia (ZMUM). qual in length), slender legs and humped thorax clothed in All dissections were made in glycerine and tissues cleared numerous unmodified hair-like setae. Iteaphila is a primi- using hot 85% lactic acid. Terms used for adult structures pri- tive empidoid taxon currently unassigned to family in the marily follow those of McAlpine (1981), except for antennal Empidoidea (Sinclair & Cumming 2006) (see Discussion morphology which follows Stuckenberg (1999) and for the wing section below). venation where the terms of Saigusa (2006) are used. Conse- Ragas setosa Bezzi, 1924 was transferred to Iteaphila quently the following wing venation terms are used: M4 (= CuA ), cell cua (= anal cell or cell cup), and CuA+CuP (= anal by Sinclair & Saigusa (2001), highlighting an odd species 1 vein or A1). Homologies of the male terminalia follow those of with modified male hind femur, shortened, tapered anten- Sinclair & Cumming (2006). nae, and male terminalia with a distinct surstylus and Label data for primary types are cited in full, where labels are epandrial lobe. During a revision of the entire Iteaphila listed from the top downward, with data from each label group we discovered that I. setosa represented a distinct enclosed in quotation marks. Labels are cited with original species group and also included I. italica Loew, 1873. spelling, punctuation and date and lines are delimited by a slash Tuomikoski (1958) questioned whether I. italica Loew mark (/). Additional information is included in square brackets. was congeneric given the shape of the antenna and male The repository of each type is given in parentheses. The fol- terminalia as illustrated in Engel (1941) and the southern lowing abbreviations are used in the descriptions: dc – dorso- central bristle, pprn – postpronotal bristle, presut spal – presu- distribution of this otherwise northern or montane genus. tural supra-alar bristle, npl – notopleural bristle, pal – postalar We prefer to retain this group within Iteaphila until a bristle, psut spal – postsutural supra-alar bristle, and sctl – scu- thorough revision and phylogenetic analysis is completed tellar bristle. for the entire Iteaphila group. This is the first of several revisions on this genus group and describes five addi- ITEAPHILA SETOSA SPECIES GROUP tional species related to I. setosa. Recognition MATERIAL AND METHODS The species group is distinguished by the following combination of characters: postpedicel with broad base, This study is based on material borrowed from or deposited in the following collections: M. Barták collection [private], with apical half tapered; stylus nearly half length of pedi- Prague, Czech Republic (BARC); British Entomological and cel; apical mechanoreceptor (bristle) greatly reduced in Natural History Society (BENH); The Natural History Museum, length; scutellum with 2–3 pairs of apical bristles; male 441 hind femur usually modified; wing with basal costal anterior ocellars moderately long, proclinate and laterocli- bristle present; cell dm produced apically; male terminalia nate, posterior ocellars short. Postvertical and postocular with epandrial lobe and surstylus distinctly digitiform. bristles quite strong, longer than ocellars; additionally, Key to species of the Iteaphila setosa species group occiput covered with numerous similar setae of different lengths on lower part. Antenna black; scape short, sube- 1 Antennal stylus long, nearly half length of postpedicel, qual to globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpe- lacking apical mechanoreceptor (bristle). Scutellum with 2–3 pairs of bristles. Basal costal bristle present. Epandrial dicel rather broad at base, about 2.0 times longer than lamella with additional lobe [I. setosa group]........... 2 basal width, strongly tapered; stylus about 1/2 of postpe- – Antennal stylus very short relative to length of postpedicel, dicel length; segment 9 nearly 4 times as long as wide, with apical mechanoreceptor (bristle). Scutellum with at apical sensillum inconspicuous. Proboscis long, projected least 4 pairs of bristles. Basal costal bristle absent. Epandrial obliquely; labium about as long as head height; palpus lamella lacking additional lobe......................... projected parallel to labrum, about two-thirds length of ................. [I. macquarti group, not treated herein] labrum. 2 Male (holoptic)................................... 3 Thorax black in ground colour, with black setation; – Female (dichoptic) (unknown for I. setosa, I. caucasica, and scutum viewed dorsally matt black brown, with 2 hardly I. kubaniensis)....................................8 3 Hind femur unmodified. Epandrial lobe sinuous, slender, prominent paler vittae between acrostichal and dorsocen- nearly twice length of surstylus and strongly arched medi- tral bristles, viewed anteriorly pale vittae between acrosti- ally (Fig. 3)................................ I. italica chal and dorsocentral bristles; mesopleuron uniformly – Hind femur modified, with deep, broad, ventral constriction brownish grey pollinose. Proepisternum with 2–3 short basally (Fig. 7). Epandrial lobe similar in length to sursty- brownish setae on lower part and 1 long seta on upper lus............................................ 4 part. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long and 3–4 short pprn. 4 Hind femur with scattered setulae near base, lacking flat- Mesonotal bristles prominent; acrostichals biserial, some- tened bristles. Surstylus slender and finger-like (Figs 1, 2, 4, what irregular, slightly shorter than dc, lacking on prescu- 6)..............................................5 tellar depression; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, – Hind femur with tuft of several flattened, curved long brist- les near base (Fig. 7). Surstylus broad, thumb-like and 1 pair anteriorly and 2 prescutellar pairs long; 1 posthu- highly setose (Fig. 5).................... I. merzi sp. n. meral, 1–2 presut spal, 3 strong and 3 thinner npl, 3–4 5 Halter knob pale. Gonocoxal apodeme very short, less than short psut spal, 1 pal, 2 pairs of sctl. one-third length of ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 4); hypan- Legs brownish, knees of fore and mid legs brownish drium with deep and broad notch...... I. kubaniensis sp. n. yellow, finely greyish pollinose. Coxae and trochanters – Halter knob dark. Gonocoxal apodeme broad and greater with rather long, black, unmodified setae. Fore and mid than one-half length of ejaculatory apodeme; hypandrium femora with row of moderately long (about as long as with shallow or deep notch (Figs 1, 2, 6)............... 6 femur deep), uniform posteroventral setae. Fore and mid 6 Legs dark. Ventral margin of epandrial lobe uneven, sculp- tibiae with some prominent posterodorsal setae. Hind tured, apex narrower than base of lobe (Fig. 6).... I. setosa – Legs with “knees” pale. Ventral margin of epandrial lobe femur with deep broad excision near base, anterior smoothly curved, apex slightly expanded and broadly margin of excision not strongly produced, with row of rounded.........................................7 moderately