INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART ICS International Commission on Stratigraphy E o n o t h e m E o n o t h e m E o n o t h e m E o n o t h e m E r a t h e m E r a t h e m E r a t h e m E r a t h e m S e r i e s S e r i e s S e r i e s P e r i o d e r i o d P e r i o d P e r i o d E p o c h E p o c h E p o c h S y s t e m t e m S y s t e m S y s t e m t a g e S t a g e S t a g e GSSP GSSP GSSP GSSPGSSA A g e A g e A g e E o n A g e E o n A g e E o n A g e E o n A g e S y s E r a E r a E r a E r a M a M a M a M a P S 145.5 ±4.0 359.2 ±2.5 542 Q uaternary * Holocene Tithonian Famennian Ediacaran 0.0117 150.8 ±4.0 Upper 374.5 ±2.6 Neo- ~635 Upper Upper Kimmeridgian Frasnian Cryogenian ~ 155.6 385.3 ±2.6 proterozoic 850 0.126 D e v o n i a n Pleistocene “Ionian” Oxfordian Givetian Tonian 0.781 161.2 ±4.0 Middle 391.8 ±2.7 1000 Calabrian Callovian Eifelian Proterozoic Stenian 1.806 164.7 ±4.0 397.5 ±2.7 1200 J u r a s s i c Meso- Gelasian Bathonian Emsian Ectasian 2.588 Middle 167.7 ±3.5 407.0 ±2.8 proterozoic 1400 Piacenzian Bajocian Lower Pragian Calymmian Pliocene 3.600 171.6 ±3.0 411.2 ±2.8 1600 Zanclean Aalenian Lochkovian Statherian M e s o z o i c 5.332 175.6 ±2.0 P r e c a416.0 m ±2.8 b r i a n 1800 Messinian Toarcian Pridoli Orosirian N e o g e n e Paleo- 7.246 183.0 ±1.5 418.7 ±2.7 2050 Tortonian Pliensbachian Ludfordian proterozoic Rhyacian C e n o z o i c 11.608 Lower 189.6 ±1.5 Ludlow 421.3 ±2.6 2300 Serravallian Sinemurian Gorstian Siderian Miocene 13.82 196.5 ±1.0 S i l u r i a n 422.9 ±2.5 2500 Langhian Hettangian Homerian 15.97 199.6 ±0.6 Wenlock 426.2 ±2.4 Neoarchean Burdigalian Rhaetian Sheinwoodian 20.43 203.6 ±1.5 428.2 ±2.3 2800 Aquitanian Upper Norian Telychian A r c h e a n P h a n e r o z o i c P h a n e r o z o i c 23.03 P h a n e 216.5r ±2.0o z o i c 436.0 ±1.9 Mesoarchean T r i a s s i c Chattian Carnian a l e o z o i c Llandovery Aeronian Oligocene 28.4 ±0.1 ~ 228.7 439.0 ±1.8 3200 Rupelian Ladinian Rhuddanian 33.9 ±0.1 Middle 237.0 ±2.0 443.7 ±1.5 Paleoarchean Priabonian Anisian Hirnantian P a l e o g e n e 37.2 ±0.1 ~ 245.9 445.6 ±1.5 3600 Bartonian Olenekian Upper Katian Eocene 40.4 ±0.2 Lower ~ 249.5 O r d o v i c i a n 455.8 ±1.6 Eoarchean Lutetian Induan Sandbian 48.6 ±0.2 251.0 ±0.4 P 460.9 ±1.6 4000 Ypresian Changhsingian Darriwilian 55.8 ±0.2 Lopingian 253.8 ±0.7 Middle 468.1 ±1.6 Hadean (informal) Thanetian Wuchiapingian Dapingian 58.7 ±0.2 260.4 ±0.7 471.8 ±1.6 ~4600 Paleocene Selandian Capitanian Floian ~ 61.1 265.8 ±0.7 Lower 478.6 ±1.7 Subdivisions of the global geologic record are Danian P e r m i a n Guadalupian Wordian Tremadocian 268.0 ±0.7 formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unit 65.5 ±0.3 488.3 ±1.7 of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the Maastrichtian Roadian Stage 10 70.6 ±0.6 270.6 ±0.7 ~ 492 * base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global Campanian a l e o z o i c Kungurian Furongian Stage 9 Standard Section and Point (GSSP ), whereas 83.5 ±0.7 275.6 ±0.7 ~ 496 * Precambrian units are formally subdivided by Santonian Artinskian Paibian absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age, 284.4 ±0.7 Upper 85.8 ±0.7 Cisuralian ~ 499 GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on the Coniacian Sakmarian C a m b r i a n Guzhangian o i c ~ 88.6 294.6 ±0.8 ~ 503 ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org). C r e t a c e o u s M e s o z Turonian Asselian Series 3 Drumian Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the 93.6 ±0.8 299.0 ±0.8 ~ 506.5 Phanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stages Cenomanian Gzhelian Stage 5 P within the Cambrian will be formally named upon 99.6 ±0.9 y l v a n i a n Upper 303.4 ±0.9 ~ 510 * P e n n - Albian C arboniferous Kasimovian Stage 4 international agreement on their GSSP limits. Most 112.0 ±1.0 307.2 ±1.0 Series 2 ~ 515 * sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper Aptian s Middle Moscovian Stage 3 Aptian) are not formally defined. 125.0 ±1.0 311.7 ±1.1 ~ 521 * Colors are according to the Commission for the Barremian Lower Bashkirian Stage 2 Geological Map of the World (www.cgmw.org). Lower 130.0 ±1.5 318.1 ±1.3 Terreneuvian ~ 528 * The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic Hauterivian s i s - Upper Serpukhovian Fortunian s i p p i a n 542.0 ±1.0 ~ 133.9 M i s 328.3 ±1.6 Time Scale 2004', by F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, Valanginian Middle Visean This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ages A.G. Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press) 140.2 ±3.0 345.3 ±2.1 with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions. and “The Concise Geologic Time Scale” by J.G. Ogg, Berriasian Lower Tournaisian 145.5 ±4.0 359.2 ±2.5 Copyright © 2008 International Commission on Stratigraphy G. Ogg and F.M. Gradstein (in press) * The status of the Quaternary is not yet decided. Its base may be assigned as the base of the Gelasian and extend the base of the Pleistocene to 2.6 Ma. The “Tertiary” comprises the Paleogene and Neogene and has no official rank..