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Trusdell !"#$"%&'"%(')*+,-.*%/0"$1 Hualalai 2"31'0'" !"#$%&'%#()%#*+,'-. Lipman, 1995 !"##$%&'()*+#,%$*-&.$-/(&0123 4*%(&/5,-6(&)+*#& /*-%+,/%$*-&%*& (7%(-.$*-&$-&8998 http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/maunaloa/current/longterm.html K!lauea – the most active volcano on Earth K!lauea Structure - Summit Caldera - East Rift Zone - Southwest Rift Zone - Hilina Fault System - Koae Fault System Lipman et al., 2002 K!lauea Caldera November, 1983 East Rift Zone ~2-3 km wide Holcomb, 1987 Puna Ridge – the submarine extension of the East Rift Zone Leslie et al., 2004 Hilina system related to seaward slumping of south flank Note: K!lauea magma chamber below sea level, within Mauna Loa edifice ~100,000 yrs B.P. K!lauea shield emerges from the sea; Hilina Volcanics 20,000-10,000 yrs B.P. - P"hala Ash 10,000-2000 yrs B.P. Sustained eruptions; Puna Volcanics, prehistoric Explosive K!lauea - Record suggests frequency of large explosive eruptions similar to that of Mt.