DOCUMENT RESUME ED 335 965 FL 019 564 AUTHOR Riego de Rios, Maria Isabelita TITLE A Composite Dictionary of Philippine Creole Spanish (PCS). INSTITUTION Linguistic Society of the Philippines, Manila.; Summer Inst. of Linguistics, Manila (Philippines). REPORT NO ISBN-971-1059-09-6; ISSN-0116-0516 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 218p.; Dissertation, Ateneo de Manila University. The editor of "Studies in Philippine Linguistics" is Fe T. Otanes. The author is a Sister in the R.V.M. order. PUB TYPE Reference Materials - Vocabularies/Classifications/Dictionaries (134)-- Dissertations/Theses - Doctoral Dissertations (041) JOURNAL CIT Studies in Philippine Linguistics; v7 n2 1989 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Creoles; Dialect Studies; Dictionaries; English; Foreign Countries; *Language Classification; Language Research; *Language Variation; Linguistic Theory; *Spanish IDENTIFIERS *Cotabato Chabacano; *Philippines ABSTRACT This dictionary is a composite of four Philippine Creole Spanish dialects: Cotabato Chabacano and variants spoken in Ternate, Cavite City, and Zamboanga City. The volume contains 6,542 main lexical entries with corresponding entries with contrasting data from the three other variants. A concludins section summarizes findings of the dialect study that led to the dictionary's writing. Appended materials include a 99-item bibliography and materials related to the structural analysis of the dialects. An index also contains three alphabetical word lists of the variants. The research underlying the dictionary's construction is seen as documentation of the validity of Cotabato Chabacano as a variant of the Philippine Creole Spanish. (MSE) ****************************************************t****************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ,ftwicrArriglgritk :" y A COMPOSITE DICIIONARY OFPHILIPPINE CREOLESM\IISE (PCS) A Dissertation Prewnted to the Faculty of theGraduate School Ateneo de Manila University U S DEPARTMENT OF 011, c, ol 1 Out AlOnal EDUCATION Rtr51:4;i101 ants Imonven-aa)! EDUCATIONAL RE SOURCES CC NTE a I ELIICINFORMRnON I 'PERMISSIONTO REPRODUCE thsdoromerol ha 5 btliro MATERIA I HAS THIS e,ve,1 !Mil, thia per50n ca,i13,(Xml.trdZiS BEEN GRANTED i ovalwalK)n BY or,g1,131,,t) ,I 1` M,,or 1,hane!, navPbeer, nsado 10 ,mprove ,ep,CgitlCI:On Quallly , - 4, Poots ol vr(Er or OPrIIro'Is 'EIBEE'clIn Ir"5 00" ,ont do no necoaray reoesera 011c,ai 01 ro posa+o, o poltCy TO THE EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION RESOURCES CENTER (ERIC).- Studies in 114111,01eUnatialseles 1/417. VOLUME 1 1989 NUMSER LINGUISTIC. ?marry 01? THEVinUMNIES SWAIM INSITrUTE 0 BEST CRY AVAILABLE Studies in Philippine Linguistics is a joint venture undertaken by the Linguistic Societyof the Philippines and the Summer Institute of Linguistics devotedto the timely publication of papers of an empirical or theoretical nature which contribute to the study of language and communicative behavior in the Philippines. A certain proportion of thepapers published will be penultimate versions of works of special interestto the Philippine linguistic community destined for further publication in more final form elsewhere. Linguists engaged in the study and desk4jon of Philippine languagesare hereby invited to submit contributions for inclusion in this series. The editors wish to express appreciation to Ken Zook for his work indeveloping the programs used in the computer-assisted editing of this volume. Single issue selling price: US $6.00 3 STUDIES IN PHILIPPINE LINGUISTICS Editor Fe T. Otanes Managing Editor Helen Miller VOLUME 7 1989 NUMBER 2 LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF ThIE PHILIPPINES SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS Manila 4 ISSN 0116-0516 ISBN 971-1059-09-6 1289-3.0c A COMPOSITE DICTIONARY OFPHILIPPINE CREOLE SPANISH (PCS) A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Ateneo de Manila University Py Sister Maria Isabelita 0. Riego de Dios, R.V.M. 1976 6 Table of Contents Table of Illustrations vi Abstract Acknowledgments ix Chapter 1. Introduction 1 2. The PILlippine Creole Spanish (PCS) 8 3. Introduction to the Dictionary 16 4. Dictionary Proper 51 5. Conclusion 168 References 171 Appendices 1 77 Index of PCS Variants 193 List of Informants and Special Sources 110 7 Table of Illustrations Maps 10 1. Locales of the Philippine Creole Spanish 2.The Speech Community of Cotabato Chabacano 13 Charts 21 1.The Phonemic Chart ol the Ct Vowel System 2.The Phonemic Chart of the Ct Consonantal System 23 27 3. The Ct Verbal inflection . 4.The Ct Descriptives 38 The Ct Personal Pronouns 43 h.1'he Ct Deictic or Demonstrative Pronouns 44 7.The Ct Interrogative. Indefinite or Relative Pronouns 45 8. The Ct Negatives 46 9. The Ct Negative Substitutes 46 vi Abstract Working on the assumption that there are variants or dialects of PhilippineCreole Spanish (PCS) other than those already linguistically investigated like the Chabacano (as it is popularlycalled) which are spoken in Ternate (Tr), Cavite City (Cv), and Zamboanga City (Zm), A CompositeDictionary of Philippine Creole Spanish is concerned with placingthe Cotabato Chabacano (Ct)on the linguistic map of the Philippines by identifying it as a PCS variantor dialect with a speech community of itsown. Cotabato Chabacano (Ct) has never been treated linguistically in any of the literatureavailable today. The burden of the study, therefore,was to prepare a unidirectional composite dictionary, using its tool language, containing English as at least 6,000 alphabetic main entries of theCt lexicon with corresponding run-in entries of contrastive dataon the lexical level of Cv, Tr, and Zm. The present study involved a three-way approach or methodology. Theft/31 is theemployment of historical research in order to establish the historical and sociological backgroundof Ct and to trace its incipienceas a variant or dialect of PCS in Tamontaka, Cotabato.Taped personal interviewswere also undertaken. The second method used islinguistic ana4rsis so as tocome up with a descriptive sketch of Ct covering the areas of: Phonology and Phonemic Transcription, Orthography, Grammar andContrastive Analysis. The third and last is the application of the lexicographic method which includethe following: the gathering of materials to form the Ctlexicon as well as its equivalents inCv, Tr, and Zm, through field and informant work classifying and categorizing, filing and compiling word lists;determining languagesources; working on meaning discrimination; and formulating theover-all dictionary design. Among the more significant findings ofthis work are: (a) that Ct is identified that Ct can be identified historically as a variant of PCS; (b) as having a speech community of itsown, namely Tamontaka, Cotabato and its environs; (c) that Ct has been largely influenced by Zm through sociologicalfactors as the result of contact of population flow and socio-economic exchange and communication; (d) thatCt has a predomi- nance of Spanish in its lexicon at the rate of 82.49%; (e) that from a simple wordcount, it was further noted that language source of the Ctlexicon as assumed in this studyto be more the consequence of languages in contact rather than of etymological analysis, include the following:Local (Philippine languages other than Tagalog, Cebuano and Hiligaynon) 4.86%; Tagalog 4.7%;English 2.5%; Cebuano 2.12%; Others (foreign languages other thanSpanish and English) 1.3%; and Hiligaynon1.27%. The composite dictionary is a documented contribution to Philippine Linguisticswhere Ct is confirmed as a Pcs variant. The work, although a preliminary investigation of Ct in thearea of Creole Studies in the Philippines, is nonetheless the firstextensive lexicographic treatment ofa PCS against the background of earlier studies and investigationsmade so far of other PCS dialects. The main conclusion of this work is that Ct is a Creole, classified underPhilippine Creole Spanish (PCS). The dictionary is a contribution towards the preservation ofa minor Philippine language whichup to this point has not been treated inthe following manner: historically,linguistically, and lexicographically. The work is a source of information and reference for studentsof Language and Linguistics,as well as a ready guide and index for the non-specialist linguist in general, and the creolistin particular. This preliminary attemptat presenting a composite view of fourof the PCS dialects of reference for linguistic can serve as a point theoreticians from which to undertakefurther investigations on the problemsof vii 9 pidgins and creoles. In a special way, it can be used for inquiry into the process of creoldzation and pidginization in the context of PCS. The last two linguistic processes seem to be one of the current challenges in the field of creole studies. In the field of bilingual education, the latest major interest in the area of language of communication and of instruction, curriculum designers and those in charge of preparing instructional materials for native PCS speakers can likewise derive vital information from the present work. The present study can be pursued as a continuing research on the following: I.Further investigation into the work of describing PCS and its variants as well as preparing dialect grammars; 2.Further analysis in the area of phonology, orthography and grammatical features; 3.Investigation into the syntactical level of PCS; 4.Further research and analysis on the different linguistic levels of PCS as a creole language and its