369 Index 100 percent reserve requirement monetary Bank-saving 220, 223-224, 228-229, 231, system (100%RRMS) x, 322-323, 327 292, 297 Binary Economics 236, 240, 244 A Bretton Woods Institutions 77 accumulated quantity of output 147 C ad infinitum 119, 298-299 Aggregation 20, 36, 51-52, 93-94, 113, Capitalization 58, 237-239, 311-312, 336 120-121, 123-124, 129-131, 133-134, Cash-flow 45, 126, 237 141, 176, 202, 206, 212, 224, 226, Categorical imperative 51 230, 239, 250, 257, 261-262, 269, Central Bank 18, 20, 53, 77-78, 84, 86-87, 271-276, 278-279, 290-292, 301, 328, 89, 165, 265, 294-295, 298-299, 301, 343-344 307-309, 315-324, 326, 329, 331 allocation 17, 38-39, 106-107, 116-118, ceteris paribus 68, 178 123, 125, 127-128, 164, 184, 195, circular causation method 10, 23-25, 27, 197-198, 222-223, 228-230, 233-234, 40-41, 54-55, 65, 72, 74-76, 80, 236, 239-241, 243, 251, 270 83-84, 88, 91, 124, 134, 141-142, a posteriori 47, 56, 114, 149, 156, 160, 221 148-149, 154, 163, 166, 174, 177-181, a priori 45, 47, 56, 58, 114-115, 148-149, 186, 193, 204, 207-208, 212-215, 242, 152-153, 156, 160, 168, 221 248-250, 253, 256-260, 263, 266, Austrian School of Economics 70, 92-93, 268-269, 272-273, 275, 277, 279, 285, 262, 300-301 308, 314-316, 328, 331, 333, 337-338, 342-343, 345 B Competition 13, 18, 23-24, 37-38, 41, 101-102, 105, 107-108, 110, 112, Banking 16-21, 23-25, 32, 49-50, 52, 55, 115-118, 121-122, 127, 144, 156-157, 57-58, 69-70, 72, 78-79, 86-87, 89, 160-161, 167, 177, 193-195, 197-198, 95-97, 100, 105, 110, 123, 130, 133- 225, 230, 232, 235-236, 239, 242-243, 134, 143, 155, 160, 164-165, 167-168, 251, 259, 263, 270, 274, 277, 289, 183-184, 191-192, 198, 202, 206, 210, 295, 325, 342 226, 230, 235, 261-262, 280-281, 286, Complexity 2, 4, 11-12, 14, 29, 39, 41, 304-305, 307, 315, 320, 323, 325, 103, 107, 131, 149, 169, 195-198, 330, 333-335, 340, 342-343 201, 214, 243, 276 Index connaissance 279 Development-financing instruments 176, Consciousness 4, 11-15, 21, 23, 36, 39-40, 331, 336, 344 43-45, 54-57, 68, 71, 80-81, 84, 101- dialectics 3, 5-6, 9, 15, 27, 221, 296, 298- 103, 108-111, 115, 117, 124, 135-136, 301, 305 150-151, 154, 158, 161, 167, 173-175, Difference Principle 51-52, 115-120, 197 182, 215, 221-222, 225, 228, 230, discount-rate indeterminacy 312 232, 241-242, 253, 261, 266, 272, discursive society 84, 101, 106, 117-118, 279, 301, 343, 347 128-129, 147, 228-229, 242, 279 consciousness and responsibility (CSCR) disequilibrium condition 294 167, 173-175, 343 Distribution 13, 17, 38, 51, 55, 57, 66, 70, Consequentialist 101-102, 109 74, 104, 115, 117-118, 124, 126-127, Continuity 6, 11, 13-16, 18, 20, 31, 41-42, 129, 132, 141, 147, 193, 197, 222, 44-46, 48-49, 54, 76, 83-84, 99, 125, 233, 237, 241, 243, 296 128, 144-146, 149, 152, 155, 158, distributive equity 37, 95, 116, 118-119, 161, 163, 167, 196, 201, 250, 252- 164, 263, 265 254, 259, 263, 297-299 continuums 10, 12-14, 19-20, 25, 27, E 33, 35-36, 40-42, 56-57, 76, 80, 85, 134-135, 142, 144-146, 152-153, 155, Economic growth 38, 84, 93, 123, 211, 157-158, 239, 252-254, 260, 263, 314 220, 224-225, 265, 275, 283, 295 contractarianism 101-102, 137, 210 economic stabilization 107, 292-294 convoluted network value 283 Economic theory 4, 9, 13, 24, 30, 38-39, Cooperation 37, 60, 88, 97, 110, 115-118, 44, 60, 67-69, 80, 92, 95-96, 103-104, 121, 166-167, 194, 198, 229, 325, 331 106-107, 117, 126, 130-132, 139, 193, Corporate Social Consciousness and 197, 212, 227, 229, 233-235, 246, Responsibility (CSCR) 167, 173-175, 261, 303, 311 343 Efficiency 38, 105, 115-119, 132, 157, Cost-benefit 109-110, 126 164-166, 173-181, 184, 187, 192-193, Cybernetics 5, 9, 12, 24, 26, 48, 55, 57-58, 195-202, 205-206, 210, 215, 232, 261, 103, 111, 114, 134, 136, 145-147, 265, 286, 299, 305, 311, 343 149, 165, 174, 203, 235, 244, 252, Eighteenth Century Enlightenment 3, 8 256, 277, 279, 308-309, 313-315, 324, embedded economy 6, 9, 36, 42, 54, 107- 332, 337-340, 342, 344-346 108, 114, 130, 156, 203 cybernetic possibility 345 Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) cybernetic view 5, 315 238 Empowerment 13, 54-55, 70, 79, 146, 225, D 231, 235, 241, 243, 263, 266-267, 314, 344 Darwinism 4-5, 7, 9, 15, 41, 43, 48, 80, endogeneity 9, 14, 17-19, 21-24, 37-38, 101-102, 111, 127, 160-161, 230 40-41, 55-58, 74, 77-78, 81-82, 89, Data Enveloping Analysis (DEA) 175 93, 100, 106-107, 112, 114, 130-131, dead in the past 129 133, 135, 147-148, 156-157, 164, Deductive 5-6, 46, 68, 103, 152, 154, 156, 170-171, 174-178, 180-182, 193-194, 160-161, 164, 221, 253-255, 257-259, 199-201, 203, 205-206, 215, 224-225, 265, 277 227-228, 230-233, 235, 238, 240-241, Deontology 9, 21, 52, 55, 57, 101-102, 253, 261-263, 265-266, 268-269, 271- 132, 182, 215 272, 275, 279, 284, 309, 312, 314, depositor instrument (D) 180 323, 326-327, 337, 342, 345 370 Index Endogenous ethics 135, 156, 205, 240 F Endogenous growth theory 17, 176 Entitlement 13, 37, 54-56, 70, 147, 197, factor interrelationships 290 212, 225, 235, 241, 306 financial instruments 18-20, 23, 52, 55, 70, episteme 4-8, 10-11, 13-16, 18-21, 23-27, 74, 77, 86-88, 95, 99, 121, 149, 153, 31-36, 39-42, 44-49, 52-58, 68, 71, 180, 201, 209, 222-223, 248-249, 285, 74-76, 80, 84-85, 88, 93, 95, 98, 100, 287, 304, 308, 310, 317-318, 320, 328 102, 107, 112-117, 123-125, 127-128, financial instruments (F) 180 131, 133, 135-136, 143, 145-149, fiscalism 52-53, 92, 130, 165, 249, 262- 151-168, 171, 177, 182, 201, 203-204, 263, 265-266, 269, 272, 275-276, 209, 213, 215, 222, 226-227, 231-233, 279, 281, 283, 294-295, 304, 331, 235-236, 242, 248-254, 257-259, 261, 342-343, 345 263, 267, 269, 272-273, 275, 277-279, Fixed Point Theorem 260-261, 345 285, 298, 304, 307-308, 314, 332, Friedman, Milton 39, 50, 61, 90, 92, 96, 337-345 240, 244, 259, 269-271, 276, 281, epistemology 1, 7-10, 27-28, 32, 36, 47-49, 292, 294-295, 300, 305, 321, 334 59-60, 62, 69, 71, 75, 83, 88, 96, 100- Friedman’s condition 292 101, 103, 107, 113-114, 125, 129, Full-employment 91-92, 220, 224, 250, 132, 134-135, 146, 148, 152, 157, 286, 292-293, 297, 302, 304 160-161, 169, 212, 219-220, 222, 226, functional ontology 9, 11, 20, 34, 40-41, 230, 244, 251-253, 255, 259-260, 263, 46, 51, 53, 55-56, 64, 143, 155, 158, 266, 277, 279-280, 314, 324-325, 331, 161, 215, 308, 314, 324, 336 333, 339-345, 348 fuzzy consequences 175 equity participation (Musharakah) 149, 153, 202, 310-311, 326 G ethico-economic performance 180 Global currency exchange 69 European Monetary Union 88 Globalization 38, 61, 95, 105, 167, 246, evolution 4-6, 10-21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 36, 295 41-45, 49, 51, 54-57, 61, 65, 69-70, God and the world-system 156, 339, 345 72, 78, 80-85, 91, 95, 100, 103, 108, God-consciousness 346 111-112, 115, 118, 124, 128, 135, gold-consciousness 346 137, 141-142, 146-147, 149, 151-154, Gold standard 50-51, 70, 77-78, 80, 86-90, 157, 159, 166-167, 174, 181, 194, 134, 164, 308, 321, 323, 325, 327- 213, 221-222, 231, 235, 242, 244, 329, 334 248-257, 260-264, 269, 273, 275-276, Governance 22, 27, 173, 195, 232, 238, 278, 280, 284-285, 295-296, 298-299, 267, 323, 343 301, 314, 333, 337-338, 341, 345, 348 grassroots development 279 evolutionary equilibriums 15, 49, 80, 255- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 325 256, 260 Gulf Cooperation Council region (GCC) Exchange rate 76, 223, 310, 327 88 exogeneity 8-9, 13-14, 16, 18, 36, 38, 89, 100, 102, 104, 106-107, 115, 119, 121, 123, 136, 150, 152, 157, 174, H 182, 194, 200, 224-225, 232-233, 235, Hereafter 15, 84-85, 98, 106-108, 156-158, 238, 240, 253-254, 259, 265-266, 182 272, 278, 324 Heteronomy 47, 56, 114, 148-149, 156, Export 23, 67, 90, 227, 327 221 371 Index Historicism 162-163 interactive, integrative, and evolutionary Human resource development 21, 66, 130, (IIE) 19-21, 23, 25, 43, 45, 55-57, 78, 166, 235, 265, 269 84, 103, 149, 152, 255, 284 hyperinflation 81, 294 interest rate 50-51, 55, 58, 65, 70, 79, 85, 89-90, 92, 105, 219-220, 223-226, I 228, 231, 234, 236-237, 240, 242- 243, 250, 256-257, 270, 274, 278, Iman 144 283-284, 286-287, 292-293, 297, 302, Import 67, 324 304, 308, 311-312, 315, 318, 323-324, inadequate income 243 328, 331, 336, 344 individualism 13, 18, 22-24, 34, 38, 41, interest (riba) 18, 22, 50-55, 57-58, 65, 70, 48, 101-102, 107-108, 110, 112, 117, 73-74, 78-79, 81-82, 85-86, 89-90, 120-123, 131, 148, 157, 161, 184, 92-93, 95, 98-99, 105, 121, 134, 155- 227, 231-232, 235-236, 239, 242, 263, 156, 160, 167, 182, 219-220, 222- 274, 277, 325, 331, 342 228, 231-234, 236-243, 246, 248-251, methodological 13, 18, 22-24, 41, 256-257, 269-271, 273-274, 276, 278, 48, 101-102, 107-108, 110, 112, 117, 280, 283-284, 286-287, 292-297, 301- 120-123, 131, 148, 157, 161, 184, 302, 304, 307-315, 318, 320, 323-326, 227, 231-232, 235, 239, 242, 263, 328, 331, 334, 336, 338, 344 274, 277, 325, 331, 342 intertemporal framework 129 Inductive 5-6, 68, 103, 152-154, 156, intertemporal idea 57 160-161, 215, 221, 253-255, 257-259, intertemporal sense 72, 74, 243 265, 277 Intra-generational 126-127 Inflation rate 310 inverse relationship 53, 86, 147, 223, 308 inflation sensitivity 302 Islam 2, 33, 40, 50, 59-61, 63, 71, 78-79, Input-output 19, 177, 192-193, 205 82-83, 85-86, 88-89, 95-97, 101, 105, Institutional 19, 21, 24, 49, 52, 55-56, 59, 109-110, 136-138, 142-147, 149, 66, 78, 80, 82, 95, 100, 103, 105-106, 151-153, 155-157, 159, 161-171, 180, 129, 135, 147-149, 153, 155-156, 164, 183-184, 187, 191-192, 194, 198-204, 166, 168, 171, 180, 182, 194-196, 206-210, 212-214, 244, 252-253, 260- 198-203, 209-210, 213, 241, 248-249, 262, 277, 279-280, 285, 305, 308-318, 258,