__________________________________________________________ FASL 23, 2014 ________________________________________________________ Michigan Slavic Publications is a non-profit organization associated with the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures of the University of Michigan. Its goal is to publish titles which substantially aid the study of and teaching of Slavic and East European languages and cultures. The present volume, based on a conference held at the University of California at Berkeley in May 2014, continues a series of conference proceedings devoted to formal approaches to Slavic languages. Michigan Slavic Materials, 61 Series Editor Jindřich Toman [email protected] Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics ______________________________ The First Berkeley Meeting Edited by Małgorzata Szajbel-Keck Roslyn Burns Darya Kavitskaya Michigan Slavic Publications Ann Arbor 2015 collection © Michigan Slavic Publications 2015 individual contributions © authors Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics (23rd : 2014 : Berkeley, California) Annual Workshop On Formal Approaches To Slavic Linguistics : the first Berkeley meeting / edited by Malgorzata Szajbel-Keck, Roslyn Burns, Darya Kavitskaya. pages cm. -- (Michigan Slavic materials, 61) "The present volume, based on a conference held at the University of California at Berkeley, in May 2014 continues a series of conference proceedings devoted to formal approaches to Slavic languages, including Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, and Russian. We are proud to call this volume The First Berkeley Meeting." "Michigan Slavic Publications 2015." "This volume contains selected papers presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics held May 2/4, 2014 at the University of California, Berkeley." ISBN 978-0-936534-16-9 (alk. paper) 1. Slavic languages--Grammar--Congresses. I. Szajbel-Keck, Malgorzata, editor. II. Burns, Roslyn, editor. III. Kavitskaya, Darya, editor. IV. Title. V. Title: Formal approaches to Slavic linguistics. VI. Title: First Berkeley Meeting, 2014. VII. Title: FASL 23, 2014. PG13.M46 2014 491.8'045--dc23 2015018183 Michigan Slavic Publications Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1275 [email protected] PREFACE This volume contains selected papers presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics held May 2–4, 2014, at the University of California, Berkeley. Thanks to the generous sponsorship of the Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, and the Department of Linguistics, this conference was able to bring together a wide range of scholarship whose expertise covered a variety of linguistic sub-fields. The conference program consisted of 32 talks, on aspect and tense, verb and predication, operators, clitics, word order, morphophonological issues and more. The discussed languages included Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, and Russian. We would like to thank Barbara Citko (University of Washington), Johanna Nichols (University of California, Berkeley), and Jerzy Rubach (University of Iowa / Uniwersytet Warszawski) for their readiness to participate as invited speakers. Production of this volume would not have been possible without the dedicated work of our team of reviewers. We would like to thank Wayles Browne, Jakub Dotlacil, Hana Filip, Pavel Grashchenkov, Atle Grønn, Stephanie Harves, Tania Ionin, Katja Jasinskaja, Anna Kibort, Franc Marušič, Troy Messik, Ljiljana Progovac, Eugenia Romanova, Catherine Rudin, Radek Šimík, Luka Szucsich, Ludmila Veselovská, Jacek Witkoś Martina, and Gračanin-Yuksek. Without their willingness to commit their time and energy to prepare thoughtful comments and critical review, this volume would not be what it is. All papers were edited for style by the editors and authorized by the vi authors before final submission. Finally, the review team would like to thank Małgorzata Szajbel-Keck and Jindřich Toman for the time and effort they spent in preparing the publication of this volume. The Editors Małgorzata Szajbel-Keck Roslyn Burns Darya Kavitskaya University of California, Berkeley CONTENTS Polina Berezovskaya and Vera Hohaus The Crosslinguistic Inventory of Phrasal Comparative Operators: Evidence from Russian 1 Željko Bošković On Multiple Left-Branch Dislocation: Multiple Extraction and/or Scattered Deletion? 20 Barbara Citko The Gapping that Could Δ 36 Steven Franks Speculations on DP-structure: Macedonian vs. Bulgarian 56 Allison Germain Nullifying Null Expletives: Accounting for EPP in Russian Impersonal and Nominative in situ Constructions 77 Julie Goncharov About many 99 Łukasz Jędrzejowski On Tensed Modals in Polish 122 Hakyung Jung and Krzysztof Migdalski On the Degrammaticalization of Pronominal Clitics in Slavic 143 viii Tatiana Luchkina and Tania Ionin The Effect of Prosody on Availability of Inverse Scope in Russian 163 Ora Matushansky and E. G. Ruys 4000 Measure NPs: Another Pass Through the шлюз 184 Denis Paperno An Alternative Semantics for Negative Conjunction in Russian 206 Agnieszka Patejuk Coordinated Wh-words in Polish: Monoclausal or Multiclausal? 222 Ljiljana Progovac The Absolutive Basis of Middles and the Status of vP and UTAH 242 Adam Przepiórkowski A Weakly Compositional Analysis of Distance Distributivity in Polish 262 María Luisa Rivero and Vesela Simeonova The Inferential Future in Bulgarian: An Evidential Modal Proposal 282 Katie Sardinha Locus of Causation and by itself Phrases: A Case Study of Russian sam po sebe 302 Aida Talić On Clitics, Their Place in the Prosodic Structure, and Accent 322 ix Egor Tsedryk Deriving Null Pronouns: A Unified Analysis of Subject Drop in Russian 342 Ksenia Zanon Russian Anaphoric Possessive in Context 362 Yulia Zinova and Hana Filip Scalar Implicatures of Russian Verbs 382 FASL 23, 1-19 Michigan Slavic Publications 2015 The Crosslinguistic Inventory of Phrasal Comparative Operators: Evidence from Russian* Polina Berezovskaya Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Vera Hohaus Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen In and across languages, there are often multiple compositional roads to the same meaning. We can thus arrive at identical truth conditions in very different fashions. This paper discusses just such a case, namely variation in the lexical inventory of comparative operators: In Russian as well as crosslinguistically, one and the same comparison is arrived at by very different lexical and structural means. More specifically, we argue that genitive-marked synthetic comparatives in Russian provide evidence for the phrasal comparative operator proposed in Kennedy (1997). We also show that this operator does not always have to be interpreted in situ, contrary to the claims in Beck, Hohaus & Tiemann (2012). We go about this as follows: In the first section of the paper, we provide some necessary background. We briefly introduce some key features of the semantic analysis of the comparative and point out in how * We thank Nadine Bade, Sigrid Beck, Verena Hehl, Anna Howell, Tania Ionin, Ora Matushansky, Konstantin Sachs, and Sonja Tiemann for feedback and discussion. We are very greatful to Natalia Berezovskaya, Natalia Chmelnitsky, Olga Daragan, Larissa Kaminskaya, Katja Leimann, Tatiana Lyubimkova, Sergei Primenko, Vlada Riftina, Zinaida Touraeva, Maria Yelenevskaya and Natalia Zubko for native speaker judgments. Thank you also to the anonymous reviewer whose comments helped improve this paper. Research for this paper was conducted within Project C1 of the Collaborative Research Center 833, for which funding is provided by the German Research Foundation DFG. 2 P. BEREZOVSKAYA & V. HOHAUS far this analysis is subject to crosslinguistic variation. For the purposes of this paper, we are most interested in the variation regarding the choice of comparative operator and its empirical consequences. This section also introduces the reader to Russian comparatives. In the second section, we discuss the genitive-marked comparative in Russian in greater detail and show that the empirical evidence is only compatible with a certain type of phrasal analysis. We explore the consequences of this analysis in the third section. Conclusions are offered in the fourth section. 1 The Crosslinguistic Inventory of Comparative Operators Say my friend Mary is taller than her wife, Sue. Comparing the two individuals involves the following two ingredients apart from Mary and Sue themselves: The comparison is, first, along some dimension. In our example, this dimension is height. Mary and Sue need both be mapped to their degree of height. Second, these two degrees are being related, here by an exceed-relation. In the semantic analysis of the comparative, this first ingredient of the comparison, the dimension, is contributed by a gradable predicate such as English tall, with the lexical entry in (1). At the core of this lexical entry is a measure function of type <e,d>, which maps 1 an individual to its height degree. (1) [[ tall ]] = λd<d>. λx<e>. HEIGHT(x) ≥ d Our second ingredient, the greater-than relation between two degrees, is contributed by a degree operator, which in English, for instance, is morphologically realized as -er. Besides, degree operators are in charge of putting all the ingredients of a comparison together at Logical Form. The way they do so differs, however. This fact is reflected