Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Mannich Base Compounds Dr. P. Sounthari Dr. P. R. Sivakumar Dr. P. Sounthari Dr. P.R. Sivakumar Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Department of Chemistry, Chemistry, PSG College of Arts and Government Arts Science, Coimbatore- College (Autonomous), 641 014. Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India. ISBN 978-93-89631-02-9 ISBN 978-93-89631-04-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.34256/ioriip196 © IOR INTERNATIONAL PRESS. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. 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Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This IOR INTERNATIONAL PRESS imprint is published by the registered company IOR PRESS. The registered company address is: 5/11, Perumal Kovil Street, Naickenpalayam, Coimbatore- 641020 Tamil Nadu, India. Synopsis The present study includes Synthesis of new Mannich base compounds based on some 1, 3, 5-triazine substituted uracil derivatives with formaldehyde and secondary amines. The title compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtitle, Pseudonomous Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureoles and E.Colli and three fungal species Aspergillus niger, Candida Albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus using the disc diffusion method. Most of the synthesized compounds appeared with promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The structure of the novel compounds were elucidated on the basis of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Authors Dr. P. Sounthari was working as Assistant Professor in the Department Chemistry of CBM College Kovaipudur and PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore. She has completed M.Sc from CBM College Kovaipudur, Coimbatore and Ph.D in Chemistry from PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore. She is a versatile teacher having three years of Experience in the field of teaching. She participated and presented many papers in National and International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops. She acts as Resource person in “Young student scientist’s programme” sponsored by the TNSCST organized by the PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore. She has to her credit several articles and research papers published in various National and International Journals. Dr. P.R. Sivakumar, Research Scholar in PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Coimbatore. He has completed M.Sc and Ph.D in Chemistry from Government Arts College, Coimbatore. He has completed B.Ed from Mother Terasa College, Salem. He participated and presented many papers in National and International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops. He has to his credit several articles and research papers published in various National and International Journals. Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction Green Chemistry ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Principles of Green Chemistry ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Green Chemistry - The Need of the Day...................................................................... 3 1.4 Scope of Green Chemistry ........................................................................................... 4 1.5 Industrial Interest in Green Chemistry ......................................................................... 4 1.6 Green Chemistry in Education ..................................................................................... 5 1.7 Microwave in Organic Synthesis ................................................................................. 5 1.8 Principles of Microwave Activation ............................................................................ 6 1.9 Applications of Microwave Chemistry ........................................................................ 8 1.9.1 Applications in Analytical Chemistry ............................................................... 9 1.9.2 Applications in Chemical Synthesis ............................................................... 10 1.9.3 Applications in Polymer Chemistry ................................................................ 12 1.10 Various Types of Microwave Assisted Organic Reactions ...................................... 12 1.10.1 Microwave Assisted Reactions using Solvents ............................................. 12 1.10.2 Microwave assisted Reactions under Solvent-Free Condition. ..................... 14 1.10.3 Microwave assisted Reactions using Solid Liquid Phase .............................. 15 1.10.4 Microwave assisted Reactions on Mineral Supports in Dry Media .............. 17 References ....................................................................................................................... 18 2 Schiff Bases - Interesting Range of Applications in Various Fields of Science ............ 21 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 21 2.1.1 Biological activity ........................................................................................... 21 2.1.2 Antibacterial properties ................................................................................... 21 2.1.3 Antifungal properties ...................................................................................... 22 2.1.4 Biocidal properties .......................................................................................... 22 2.1.5 Antiviral properties ......................................................................................... 22 2.1.6 Antimalarial properties ................................................................................... 23 2.1.7 Anticancer properties ...................................................................................... 23 2.2 Introduction to Mannich Reaction ............................................................................. 23 2.2.1 Mannich reaction: A versatile and convenient approach to bioactive skeletons: .................................................................................................. 25 2.2.2 Mannich reaction and its modern variants ...................................................... 25 2.2.3 Application of Mannich reaction in bioactive molecule synthesis .................. 26 2.2.4 Synthesis of antimalarial molecules ................................................................ 27 2.2.5 Synthesis of antitumour molecules ................................................................. 27 2.2.6 Synthesis of antimicrobial agents ................................................................... 28 2.2.7 Synthesis of anti-inflammatory molecules ...................................................... 28 2.2.8 Synthesis of anticonvulsant molecules............................................................ 28 2.3 Introduction to Heterocyclic Compounds .................................................................. 29 2.3.1 Pyrimidine compounds ................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 Triazine derivatives......................................................................................... 31 References ....................................................................................................................... 33 3 Review of Literature ......................................................................................................... 38 References ....................................................................................................................... 50 4 Scope of the Present Investigation ................................................................................... 53 References ....................................................................................................................... 55 5 Experimental Methods ..................................................................................................... 56