ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN ORADEA RELAŢII INTERNAŢIONALE ŞI STUDII EUROPENE TOM IX 2017 ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN ORADEA SERIA: RELAŢII INTERNAŢIONALE ŞI STUDII EUROPENE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: EDITORIAL STAFF: Enrique BANUS (Barcelona) Editor-in-Chief: Mircea BRIE (Oradea) Iordan Ghe. BĂRBULESCU (Bucureşti) Associate Editor: Ioan HORGA (Oradea) Gabriela Melania CIOT (Cluj-Napoca) Executive Editor: Florentina CHIRODEA (Oradea) Georges CONTOGEORGIS (Atena) Members: Vasile CUCERESCU (Chişinău) George ANGLIŢOIU (Bucureşti) Ioan HORGA (Oradea) Dana BLAGA (Oradea) Adrian IVAN (Cluj-Napoca) Mariana BUDA (Oradea) Antoliy KRUGLASHOV (Cernăuţi) Cosmin CHIRIAC (Oradea) Jaroslaw KUNDERA (Wroclaw) Georgiana CICEO (Cluj-Napoca) Renaud de LA BROSSE (Reims) Cristina Maria DOGOT (Oradea) Fabienne MARON (Bruxelles) Dorin DOLGHI (Oradea) Ariane LANDUYT (Siena) Dacian DUNĂ (Cluj-Napoca) Adrian MIROIU (Bucureşti) Mirela MĂRCUŢ (Oradea) Nicolae PĂUN (Cluj-Napoca) Sergiu MIŞCOIU (Cluj-Napoca) George POEDE (Iaşi) Anca OLTEAN (Oradea) Vasile PUŞCAŞ (Cluj-Napoca) Dana PANTEA (Oradea) Istvan SULI-ZAKAR (Debrecen) Istvan POLGAR (Oradea) Luminiţa ŞOPRONI (Oradea) Alina STOICA (Oradea) Barbu ŞTEFĂNESCU (Oradea) Nicolae TODERAŞ (Bucureşti) Vasile VESE (Cluj-Napoca) Constantin ŢOCA (Oradea) Redaction: Elena ZIERLER (Oradea) The exchange manuscripts, books and reviews as well as any correspondence will be sent on the address of the Editing Committee. The responsibility for the content of the articles belongs to the author(s). The articles are published with the notification of the scientific reviewer. Address of the editorial office: University of Oradea International Relations and European Studies Department Str. Universităţii, nr. 1, 410087 Oradea, România Tel/ Fax (004) 0259 408167. E-mail: [email protected] http://www.analerise.igri.ro The review is issued under the aegis of The University of Oradea ISSN 2067 - 1253 E - ISSN 2067 – 3647 CONTENTS SOMMAIRE I. History and Theory of International Relations ................................................................ 5 Anca OLTEAN The Importance of the Act of 23 August, 1944 in the Geopolitical Context of the Second World War .................................................................................. 7 Raul BERECZKI The ‗Retreat of the State‘ and the Consolidation of Non-State Actors in International Relations: a Theoretical Assessment ................................... 15 Svetlana CEBOTARI, Carolina BUDURINA- GOREACII The Republic of Moldova in the Context of Russian Federation‘s Strategy of Maintaining Influence ....................................................................................................................... 35 Elda ZOTAJ European Union and Democratic Conditionality Mechanism, the Impacts on Western Balkan Countries ....................................................................... 47 Mircea BRIE Rethinking the European Neighborhood Policy. Eastern Partnership .................................................................................................................... 55 II. Communication, Culture and Education in Europe .................................................... 73 Simona FER Values of Intercultural Communication in the Relationship between the European Citizens .................................................................................................. 75 Mariana IAŢCO, Natalia PUTINĂ An analysis of the Impact Generated by the Russian Factor in the Information Space of the Republic of Moldova .................... 85 Violeta COTILEVICI, Svetlana CEBOTARI La Francophonie – une porte supplémentaire de la République de Moldova vers L‘Europe .................................. 99 Mariana BUDA Different Theoretical Approaches about European Studies ............ 109 III. Institutions, Public Policy and Social Realities .......................................................... 123 Diana GLIGOR, Dacian PUȘTEA Romania 2017: Problems Incurred in Accessing the Community Funds ............................................................................. 125 Cristina MATIUŢA Incoherency and Inconstancy of Legislation on Parties and Elections in Post-Communist Romania .................................................................... 139 Claudiu Adrian POP, Ioan HORGA, Mariana BOCOI The evolution of Foreign Capital in Western Romania (1991-2017). Case Study – Bihor County................ 149 Mirela MĂRCUŢ Digital Policies as Instruments in the European Integration Process ........................................................................................................................ 169 Norbert IUONAS The Roma Population in Romania. From History to Culture and Education; Policies, Implementation and Differential Treatments ................. 177 IV. The Demographic Vulnerabilities of Europe: Migration ......................................... 183 Anca Anda SÎRCA Europe‘s Background Regarding Immigration after 1944 and Immigrant Integration Policy Making in the European Union ............................... 185 Vasile ANDRIEŞ, Victoria BEVZIUC The Challenges of Demographic Situation of the Russian Federation in the Context of the Migration Processes .... 195 Claudia Anamaria IOV, Maria Claudia BOGDAN The Process of Forming Collective Identities Among Immigrants: Interest, Recognition or Refuge?......... 203 Alexander GASPARISHVILI, Nikolay NARBUT, Alexander ONOSOV, Zhanna PUZANOVA Russian Migration Policy in the Last 25 Years .......................... 213 V. Event ................................................................................................................................... 225 Constantin – Vasile ȚOCA International Roundtable on Achievements, Contemporary Approaches and Perspectives in the Evaluation of Cross-border Cooperation ................................................................................................................ 227 VI. Honoured Personality..................................................................................................... 229 POLGÁR István, PÉNZES János In Memoriam István Süli-Zakar............................ 231 VII. Book Reviews ................................................................................................................. 265 Emilia Nicoleta SCHIOP The Balkans. A history about Diversity and Harmony ..... 267 Anca OLTEAN Culture and Integration in the Multicultural Europe ........................ 271 Catalogue of Published Works Department of International Relations and European Studies ................................................................................................................... 281 I. History and Theory of International Relations Anca OLTEAN The Importance of the Act of 23 August, 1944 in the Geopolitical Context of the Second World War Raul BERECZKI The „retreat of the state‟ and the consolidation of non-state actors in international relations: a theoretical assessment Svetlana CEBOTARI, Carolina BUDURINA-GOREACII The Republic of Moldova in the Context of Russian Federation‟s Strategy of Maintaining Influence Elda ZOTAJ European Union and Democratic Conditionality Mechanism, the Impacts on Western Balkan Countries Mircea BRIE Rethinking the European Neighborhood Policy. Eastern Partnership. Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Seria Relaţii Internaţionale şi Studii Europene, TOM IX, pag. 7-14 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ACT OF 23 AUGUST, 1944 IN THE GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR Anca OLTEAN* Abstract. Looking back at the important action from 23 August 1944 when Romania left the war on the side of Germany and ceased the fight with the Soviet Union, an action who contributed to the shortening considerably of the war and to the demise of Fascism and Holocaust in Europe, we have to acknowledge the important role played by King Mihai and democratic political forces from Romania like the leaders Iuliu Maniu, Gheorhe Brătianu (leaders of PNL and PNT) in the democratization of Romania and liberation from fascist experience. Unfortunately the transformation of the state in communist state could not be prevented by these liberal and democratic forces, neither by monarchy in the context of lack of international support for the maintenance of capitalist, western-orriented state. Keywords: 23 August, Fascism, Communism, Holocaust, King Mihai, democratic Opposition Preliminaries The factors who determined the success of the act that took place in August 23, 1944 were: the continuity of the activity of political parties at the level of their leadership, the precarity of the situation of Romania on Eastern front, fact that lead the political leaders of the time towards the finding of some solutions, and the action of King Mihai. In what concerns the first factor, this was favourized by the fact that ―Antonescu did not enterprise anything in order to limit at least the contacts and the discussions from the framework of the opposition‖ (Constantiniu, 1997: 395). On the contrary, it had been always a dialogue between Antonescu and the leaders of the Opposition: Iuliu Maniu, Dinu Brătianu and Constantin Titel Petrescu. These leaders criticised Antonescu in the moment when he decided to cross the Nister and to continue the fight on the territory of the Soviet Union. It had been also weaknesses coming from the part of Iuliu Maniu who declined allways the responsibility concerning the signing of the armistice. He did not want to assume the responsability of the cease of some parts from the national territory (Bessarabia,