Overview of Nuclear Data Michal Herman National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Nuclear Data Program Link between basic science and applications Nuclear Science Community ✦ experiments Eur. Phys.✦ J.theory A (2012) 48:113 Page 11 of 39 10Nuclear2 Data Application Cross section (barn) 10Community Community ✦ natural needs data: compilationLu(n,γ) @ DANCE 1 ENDF/B−VII.0 SAMMY7.0 broadened and fitted 10−1 1 10 102 ✦ ✦ evaluation Neutron energy (eV) complete Fig. 15. Cross-section for the 175Lu(n, γ) reaction measured with a natural Lutetium sample in the resolved resonance ✦ organized ✦range.archival 176Lu(n,γ) @ DANCE ✦ 104 ENDF/B−VII.0 SAMMY7 broadened and fitted traceable DANCE detector ✦ dissemination 103 ✦ readable LANSCE Cross section (barn) 102 Fig. 14. The DANCE detector (picture credits: LANSCE-NSM. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 LA-UR-0802953). 10 1 processed into physical quantities, like the total γ cascade 10−1 1 10 102 energy, γ multiplicity, individual gamma ray energies, and Neutron energy (eV) neutron time of flight. After analysis of these data and sev- 176 eral corrections (calibration, dead time correction, back- Fig. 16. Cross-section for the Lu(n, γ)reactioninthere- solved resonance range. ground subtraction) the neutron radiative capture cross- section σ(n,γ)(En) is obtained. Results are presented here 176 2 Lu(n,γ) @ DANCE for three energy ranges: i) thermal energy, ii) resolved res- 10 onance region, and iii) above 1 keV in the unresolved res- ENDF/B−VII.0 onance region. K. Wisshak et al, 2006 H. Beer et al, 1984 i) For an incident neutron energy of 0.025 eV, the mea- BRC sured cross-sections for 175Lu(n, γ)and176Lu(n, γ), are in Cross section (barn) good agreement with published values [64] while improv- 10 ing their precisions. The thermal capture cross-sections of Lu are important for nuclear reactors, where they are used to measure the core temperature. ii) The analysis of the neutron capture experimental 1 data in the resolved resonance region allows the determi- nation of the energies of resonances as well as their radia- tive and neutron widths, and spins. For that purpose, we 102 103 104 Neutron energy (eV) rely on a R-matrix code to fit the experimental cross-sec- tions and determine the characteristics of the resonances. Fig. 17. Cross-section for the 176Lu(n, γ)reactioninthecon- Figures 15 and 16 display the radiative capture cross-sec- tinuum energy region. tions measured for 175Lu and 176Lu, respectively. These new measurements agree with previous experiments [65, 66]. Moreover, since γ multiplicities have been measured, performed in the continuum (using the Hauser-Feshbach spin values could be attributed to several resonances. model). In the resolved resonances domain, the analysis of mea- iii) For the Lu isotopes, the unresolved resonance re- sured data allowed to extract values of the mean radia- gion extends from a few keV to 1 MeV. Unlike the re- tive width ( Γ ), the mean s-wave level spacing (D ) solved resonance region where models only produce a ⟨ γ ⟩ 0 and neutron strength function (S0). These values are use- parametrization of experimental data, continuum mod- ful for connecting the evaluations performed in the re- els like the optical model potential can describe experi- solved resonance region (using R-matrix) with evaluations mental data in a more predictive way. Figure 17 displays Who needs nuclear data? and what for? Nuclear medicine Basic science (physics) radioisotope production testing theoretical models dose calculation designing experiments radiotherapy analyzing experimental data diagnostics Astrophysics National/homeland origin of elements security Nuclear power device R&D reactors R&D stockpile stewardship fuel cycle criticality safety operation safety nuclear forensics radiation shielding detecting illicit trafficking of waste disposal and nuclear materials transmutation Industrial applications M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 USNDP mission The mission of the United States Nuclear Data Program (USNDP) is to provide current, accurate, authoritative data for workers in pure and applied areas of nuclear science and engineering. This is accomplished primarily through the compilation, evaluation, dissemination, and archiving of extensive nuclear datasets. The USNDP also addresses gaps in the data, through targeted experimental studies and the use of theoretical models. Dissemination Archival Evaluation/ Experiments Theory Compilation M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Components of Nuclear Data Structure Reactions Dissemination Bibliographical NSR Obviously indispensable Compilation XUNDL EXFOR Evaluated ENSDF ENDF/B Archival Obviously essential Evaluation/ Experiments Theory Using external facilities Ultimate nuclear data product - ~15% of USNDP effort combines experiment with theory, Compilation links basic science with applications, includes modeling and covariances, Needs continuous coverage high added value! Backlog needs to be dealt with M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Structure & Reactions Objectives Decay Bibliographical NSR database >214,000 publications Compilation XUNDL EXFOR Experiments - form the basis databases 5,622 datasets 20,400 experiments of what we do and we also contribute. Evaluated Compilation - reaction and ENSDF ENDF/B-VII.1 3,256 isotopes 14 sub-libraries nuclear structure data in NSR, libraries EXFOR and XUNDL databases. Evaluation/Theory - nuclear structure and reaction data for ENSDF and ENDF/B databases. Advance nuclear reaction modeling; uncertainty quantification. Maintain/develop nuclear data formats and data verification codes. Archival of nuclear data (maintaining classic library, gradually scanning it into electronic files, securing electronic files). Dissemination of nuclear physics data using up to date technology.. M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 ND libraries ACE Wallet cards FENDL POINT MIRD 20XX Cap Gam NG EGAF Atlas Atlas neutr. Neutron Isomeric Masses resonances Standards levels ENDF ENSDF Delayed Dosimetry B(E2) neutrons Codes EXFOR XUNDL RIPL NSR Experiments M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Interaction between ND libraries (ENSDF) ENSDF EGAF Masses EXFOR XUNDL NSR Experiments M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 ND libraries ACE Wallet cards FENDL POINT MIRD 20XX Cap Gam NG EGAF Atlas Atlas neutr. Neutron Isomeric Masses resonances Standards levels ENDF ENSDF Delayed Dosimetry B(E2) neutrons Codes EXFOR XUNDL RIPL NSR Experiments M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Interaction between ND libraries (ENDF) Atlas neutr. resonances ENDF ENSDF Neutron Masses Standards Dosimetry EGAF Codes EXFOR RIPL NSR Experiments M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 ND libraries ACE Wallet cards FENDL POINT MIRD 20XX Cap Gam NG EGAF Atlas Atlas neutr. Neutron Isomeric Masses resonances Standards levels ENDF ENSDF Delayed Dosimetry B(E2) neutrons Codes EXFOR XUNDL RIPL NSR Experiments M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Components of Nuclear Data program Structure Reactions Dissemination Bibliographical NSR Compilation XUNDL EXFOR Evaluated ENSDF ENDF/B Archival Evaluation/ Experiments Theory Using external facilities ~15% of USNDP effort Compilation M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Experimental Nuclear Data Program Gammasphere at ANL HIγS DANCE at LANSCE M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Why USNDP Needs Experimental Program (on a small scale)? Perform measurements targeting specific needs USNDP is in unique position to identify deficiencies in nuclear data Faster response in remedying deficiencies in database Stronger link between data community and research groups Maintain USNDP staff current with advancing experimental techniques Promoting nuclear data awareness within research community Combined evaluation and experimental research opportunities Attract new talents to nuclear data program M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Components of Nuclear Data program Structure Reactions Dissemination Bibliographical NSR Compilation XUNDL EXFOR Evaluated ENSDF ENDF/B Archival Using external facilities cost - mostlyEvaluation/ travel Experiments Theory Compilation Needs continuous coverage M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 ENSDF Structure & Reactions Decay Bibliographical NSR database >214,000 publications Compilation XUNDL EXFOR databases ~5,600 datasets ~20,400 experiments Groundwork for any evaluation Preserves multibillion $$$$ investment in nuclear experiments over a century Often goes beyond the publication M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Components of Nuclear Data program Structure Reactions Dissemination Bibliographical NSR Compilation XUNDL EXFOR Evaluated ENSDF ENDF/B Archival Evaluation/ Experiments Theory Ultimate nuclear data product combines experiment with theory Compilation links basic science with applications includes modeling and covariances high added value! M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Nuclear structure and reaction data are complementary Reaction data: EXFOR (compiled) ENDF (evaluated) Structure data: XUNDL (compiled) ENDSF (evaluated) M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Nuclear structure and reaction data are complementary Reaction data: EXFOR (compiled) ENDF (evaluated) reactions structure Structure data: XUNDL (compiled) ENDSF (evaluated) M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Nuclear structure and reaction data are complementary Decay data: Reaction data: ENDF Decay EXFOR (compiled) Sublibrary (evaluated) ENDF (evaluated) reactions structure Structure data: XUNDL (compiled) ENDSF (evaluated) M. Herman Berkeley, May 27-19, 2015 Nuclear structure and reaction data are complementary