Fremantle Inner Harbour Container Movement Study Department for Planning and Infrastructure Fremantle Ports Main Roads Western Australia Sea Freight Council of Western Australia March 2004 Fremantle Inner Harbour Container Movement Study March 2004 Department for Planning and Infrastructure Fremantle Ports Main Roads Western Australia Sea Freight Council of Western Australia Sinclair Knight Merz ABN 37 001 024 095 590 Orrong Road, Armadale 3143 PO Box 2500 Malvern VIC 3144 Australia Tel: +61 3 9248 3100 Fax: +61 3 9248 3631 Web: www.skmconsulting.com COPYRIGHT: The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Sinclair Knight Merz constitutes an infringement of copyright. Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Context 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 This report 1 1.4 Acknowledgments 2 2. Executive Summary 3 3. Objectives 6 3.1 Specific objectives 7 3.2 Data targeted 8 4. Approach adopted 9 4.1 Qualitative discussions 9 4.2 Quantitative survey 10 4.2.1 Approach 10 4.2.2 Data capture rates 12 4.2.3 Assessment of survey completeness 13 4.2.4 Data cleansing 17 4.2.5 Annualising findings 18 4.2.6 Sensitivity analyses – road rail market share 22 4.3 Ultimate journey origins and destinations 23 4.4 Video Survey 24 5. Analyses and Discussion 28 5.1 Total land transport task for Fremantle Inner Harbour containers 29 5.2 Movements to and from stevedores 36 5.3 Import related container movements 37 5.4 Export related container moves 39 5.5 Empty container moves 40 5.6 Assessment of port zones 43 6. Discussion 45 6.1 Overall complexity is less than other ports 45 6.2 Inability for any player to optimise overall 46 6.3 Interim moves 46 6.4 Complex task optimisation 47 6.5 Movement of empty containers 47 6.6 20 foot versus 40 foot containers 50 6.7 Length of container journeys 51 SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Logi\SSPR\Projects\SS30210 - DPI Fremantle Port\Report\R27smmdg.doc PAGE i 6.8 Journeys to and from Inner Harbour length by origin and destination type 53 6.9 Container journey origin and destination locations 56 6.9.1 All origins and destinations 59 6.9.2 Ultimate origins and destinations 61 6.9.3 Moves to and from ultimate and all origins and destinations by postcode 62 6.10 Movement patterns 75 6.11 Road / rail market share 76 6.11.1 Ove rall market share 76 6.11.2 Rail market share to and from the port by journey length 77 6.11.3 Increasing rail’s market share 80 6.12 Potential for intermodal terminals 81 6.13 Times of Day 82 6.14 Container carrying vehicle types observed 86 6.15 Container truck utilisation (empty running) 87 6.16 Dangerous goods 88 7. Opportunities 89 Appendix A Summary of views raised in discussions 96 A.1 Overview 97 A.2 Issues raised by most interviewees across the sea freight supply chain 97 A.3 Stevedores 98 A.4 Road transport operators 99 A.5 Cargo handling companies 101 A.6 Container truck drivers 102 A.6.1Hourly paid drivers 102 A.6.2Drivers on commodity, unit or container rates 103 A.6.3Owner drivers 103 A.7 Rail operators 103 A.8 Container parks 104 A.9 End users 105 A.9.1Importers 105 A.9.2Exporters 105 A.10 Shipping lines 106 A.11 Others 106 A.11.1Fremantle Ports 106 A.11.2Unions 107 Appendix B Quantitative data collection form 108 Appendix C Statistical tables 111 SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Logi\SSPR\Projects\SS30210 - DPI Fremantle Port\Report\R27smmdg.doc PAGE ii Document history and status Revision Date issued Reviewed by Approved by Date approved Revision type 1 10 November S Manders 2003 2 22 December S Manders S Manders for 22 December 2003 release as draft 2003 3 13 February S Manders S Manders 13 February Revisions to address 2004 2004 Steering Group comments 4 10 March 2004 S Manders S Manders 10 March 2004 Addition of Table 6-4 and 7- 9 addressing best estimates of ultimate origins and destinations. 5 19 March 2004 K Wilcox S Manders 19 March 2004 Revisions to address F Callander’s comments and improvements from proof reading Distribution of copies Revision Copy no Quantity Issued to 1 email email F Callander 2 email email M Brownell 3 email email M Brownell F Callander 4 email email M Brownell F Callander 5 email email M Brownell F Callander Printed: 26 March 2004 Last saved: 19 March 2004 12:23 PM File name: I:\Logi\SSPR\Projects\SS30210 - DPI Fremantle Port\Report\R26smmdg.doc Author: Steve Manders, Nhung Mason Project manager: Steve Manders Name of organisation: Department for Planning and Infrastructure Name of project: Fremantle Port Container Movement Study Name of document: Report Document version: 5 Project number: SS30210 SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Logi\SSPR\Projects\SS30210 - DPI Fremantle Port\Report\R27smmdg.doc PAGE iii Definitions and Abbreviations AQIS Australian Quarantine Inspection Service Best estimates of Estimated numbers of container journey origins and destinations ultimate origins and where boxes were loaded and unloaded, adjusting for various data destinations issues, as explained in section 4.3. Cargo handling Company providing integrated logistics services, including company warehousing, palletising, container stuffing etc, but usually with well established transport services as well. Container Shipping containers, standard sized steel boxes used to transport cargoes. Most are 6.1 m (20 feet or 20’) or 12.2 m (40 feet or 40’) long. Container destination The end point of a container journey. Container journey Primary data record collected in quantitative data survey, from commencement of an individual movement by a single transport mode to completion of that movement. Data items recorded are shown in Appendix B. Container origin The starting point of a container journey –each location it leaves during the total journey. A container will have multiple origins for a complete journey. For example, a container recorded as moving from a stevedore to a transport depot and later to an importer will have origins at the stevedore and transport depot. Container park Company predominantly storing, cleaning and repairing containers (but may undertake some transport or other related functions). Container repairer A site which predominantly repairs and modifies shipping containers. Container truck A vehicle fitted with twist locks and capable of carrying shipping containers. DC Distribution centre Destuffed The unloading of goods from containers Domestic container Container undertaking journeys entirely within Australia, by land transport modes. Physically it is difficult to distinguish these from international containers. DPI Department for Planning and Infrastructure (WA). Exporter Company sends goods to areas outside of Australia. FCL Full container load, where the one importer / exporter fills one container with their own goods. GPS Global Positioning System. Importer Company bringing goods from overseas into Australia. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Logi\SSPR\Projects\SS30210 - DPI Fremantle Port\Report\R27smmdg.doc PAGE iv Importer / Exporter Locations reported in Quantitative Survey as origins and location destinations of container journeys where containers are packed or unpacked. Interim location All container journey start and end points excluding exporter, importer and stevedore terminal. Intermodal facility A facility where goods are transferred between road and rail. ITV Internal transfer vehicle – over dimensional multi trailer rubber tyred vehicle used within some ports for moving containers. Kewdale Perth suburb containing many transport depots and western terminal of transcontinental rail line. Includes PN and Fremantle Port Link rail services. LCL Less than container load, where different importers / exporters share a container and the freight is consolidated by a freight forwarder. Linehaul Vehicles used to haul freight long distances between cities. Non container truck Trucks that cannot carry containers – identified by absence of twist locks. PN Pacific National, previously National Rail. Pocket Road Train Articulated vehicle generally with lead 20ft trailer and trailing 40ft trailer, joined by a dolly. Capacity 3 TEUs. Maximum overall length 27.5 metres. Quantitative Survey Data collated through a one week (Monday 15– Sunday 21 September 2003) survey of operators targeting all land moves of shipping containers. Quantitative Survey – One week survey results adjusted to compensate for estimated Adjusted Results missing movements not captured. Quantitative Survey – Estimate of total annual container movement task, derived from Annualised Results quantitative survey adjusted results, multiplied by an adjustment factor to reach the total Fremantle Ports recorded container throughput totals for September 2002 – August 2003. Quantitative Survey – 12,817 actual container movements captured during the survey Direct Results week. Quantitative Survey – 12,817 actual container movements captured during the survey Annualised Direct week, multiplied by annualising factor of 58.04 – total 743,921 Results moves used in origin destination location analyses. Source: Quantitative Estimates of all container movements to and from locations at Survey –best estimates which the boxes were loaded and unloaded. Derived from of ultimate origins and Quantitative Survey – direct results, and adjusted for errors in destinations provided data to equate with known totals of loaded containers through the port. Rail terminal Facility where trains are loaded and unloaded with containers. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Logi\SSPR\Projects\SS30210 - DPI Fremantle Port\Report\R27smmdg.doc PAGE v Rigid truck Rigid vehicle with a maximum capacity of one TEU. Rigid truck and trailer Rigid vehicle with trailer, maximum capacity two TEUs. Road Depot Operating base of a road transport company, predominantly providing road transport of containers (but may store these for short periods). Road Train Articulated vehicle up to 36.5 metres long, generally with two 40ft trailers, joined by a separate dolly.