Value of Exclusion Zones as a Fisheries Management Tool in Europe A strategic evaluation and the development of an analytical framework (QLK5-CT1999-01271) Final Report For bibliographical purposes, this publication may be cited as Pickering, H. (Ed.) 2003. The Value of Exclusion Zones as a Fisheries Management Tool: A strategic evaluation and the development of an analytical framework for Europe. CEMARE Report, University of Portsmouth, UK. Copyright © University of Portsmouth, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE), Locksway Road, Portsmouth, Hants PO4 8JF. UK. All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrievable system or transmitted in any form by any means without the permission from the copyright holder. Disclaimer This work has been carried out with the financial support of the Commission of the European Communities Fifth Framework Programme, QLK5-1999-01271, “The Value of Exclusion Zones as a Fisheries Management Tool: A strategic evaluation and the development of an analytical framework for Europe”. It does not necessarily reflect the Commission’s views and in no way anticipates future policy in this area. Contributors and Acknowledgements The VALFEZ project was originally devised as a 2 year project, but has since been extended over the 3 year period (2000-2002). In total, 21 researchers have directly contributed to the project in 4 institutions in 3 countries, with several other persons providing key input throughout the project (see table below). This report is one output of that activity and is a product of the project team. The end result is a comprehensive study of fishing exclusion zones in EU fisheries. Six detailed case studies have been developed to analyse the potential value that such management tools and the analysis thereof can offer to the management process in the development of effective policy. This project was supported with funding from the European Commission (QLK5-1999- 01271). The project team would like to take this opportunity to thank the Commission and the central institutions for their support in the development of this work. Key staff in the project: Institution Staff Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources Helen Pickering (CEMARE) David Whitmarsh University of Portsmouth Sean Pascoe Locksway Road Simon Mardle Portsmouth. Hants. PO4 8JF Carl James United Kingdom. Joanna Hampton Amber Himes Nicola Waterman(a) Centre de Droit et Economie de la Mer (CEDEM) Jean Boncoeur Universite de Bretagne Occidentale Frederique Alban BP 816 Olivier Curtil 12 Rue de Kergoat Stéphane Courtois Brest 29285 Stéphane Pennanguer France. Matthieu Le Tixerant School of Ocean and Earth Science Antony Jensen University of Southampton Philip Smith Southampton Oceanography Centre European Way Southampton SP14 3ZH United Kingdom Istituto di Ricerche sulle Risorse Marine e l’Ambiente Carlo Pipitone Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Fabio Badalamenti Via G. da Verrazzano 17 Giovanni D’Anna Castellammare del Golfo (TP) Michele Gristina 91014 Marco Kienzle Sicily Gianfranco Scotti Italy (a) Project administrator Contents Introduction i Synthesis of Current Knowledge: Marine exclusion zones (MPAs) in Europe & 1 evidence of value Evaluation of Frameworks of Analysis Employed in Studies of Exclusion Zones 28 Synthesis and Overview of Methodologies used in the case Studies 67 The Common Fisheries Policy and Fisheries Exclusion Zones 75 Case Study 1: Gulf of Castellammare, Sicily, Italy 79 Case Study 2: Western English Channel (Sea bass), UK/France 161 Case Study 3: Firth-of-Forth, Scotland (Nephrops), UK 183 Case Study 4: Iroise Sea, France 219 Case Study 5: Bay of Brest, France 301 Case Study 6: Normand-Breton Gulf, France 337 Conclusions: Fisheries Exclusion Zones – Value and its sensitivity to data 361 uncertainty Case Study 1: The Gulf of Castellammare, Sicily, Italy1 Fabio Badalamenti‡, Giovanni D’Anna‡, Carl James†*, Marco Kienzle‡, Simon Mardle†, Helen Pickering†, Carlo Pipitone‡, David Whitmarsh† † Centre for the Economic and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE), University of Portsmouth, UK. [*Present address: Seafish Industry Authority, Hull. UK.] ‡ CNR-IRMA, Laboritorio di Biologia Marina, Sicily. Contents 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................81 1.1. The Gulf of Castellammare...................................................................................82 1.1.1. The Structure of the Fishery....................................................................................83 2. Laws and Regulations of the Fisheries in the Gulf of Castellammare.................85 2.1. National Legislation..............................................................................................90 2.2. Regional Legislation .............................................................................................91 3. Trawl Surveys in the Gulf of Castellammare 2000/2001 ....................................92 3.1. Materials and Methods..........................................................................................92 3.1.1. Sampling design ......................................................................................................92 3.1.2. Fishing vessel and fishing gear...............................................................................95 3.1.3. Fishing operations ..................................................................................................96 3.1.4. Laboratory operations ............................................................................................96 3.1.5. Data analysis...........................................................................................................97 3.2. Results...................................................................................................................98 3.2.1. Fishing yields ..........................................................................................................98 3.2.2. Commercial categories ...........................................................................................99 3.2.3. Biomass estimates .................................................................................................100 3.2.4. Assessment of the effect of the trawl ban...............................................................103 Appendix 3.I: List of species collected during the 2000-01 trawl surveys ................107 Appendix 3.II(a): Trawl hauls (survey IX, summer) catch (g) and CPUE (g/30min)109 Appendix 3.II(b): Trawl hauls (survey X, autumn) catch (g) and CPUE (g/30min)..110 Appendix 3.II(c): Trawl hauls (survey XI, winter) catch (g) and CPUE (g/30min) ..111 Appendix 3.II(d): Trawl hauls (survey XII, spring) catch (g) and CPUE (g/30min).112 Appendix 3.II(e): Trawl surveys IX-XII (year) catch (g) and CPUE (g/30min)........113 4. A Bioeconomic Model of the Gulf of Castellammare .......................................115 4.1. The Overall Structure of the Bioeconomic Model ..............................................115 4.1.1. Mathematical framework of the model..................................................................117 4.2. The Biological Component of the Model............................................................118 4.3. The Economic Component of the Model ............................................................127 4.4. The Bioeconomic Analysis .................................................................................128 1 Please note there is no lead authorship assigned to this case study, hence the authors are listed alphabetically. 79 4.5. Results.................................................................................................................129 4.5.1. Simulations............................................................................................................129 4.5.2. Optimisations ........................................................................................................133 4.5.3. Sensitivity Analysis................................................................................................134 4.6. Discussion and Conclusions................................................................................137 5. Economic Sustainability of the Artisanal Fisheries ...........................................139 5.1. Spatial management of fisheries: a bioeconomic framework .............................140 5.2. Removing the Gulf of Castellammare trawl ban: Effects on artisanal fleet performance ...............................................................................................................142 5.2.1. Pressure on the stocks...........................................................................................142 5.2.2. Financial viability .................................................................................................143 5.3. Fishermen’s expressed intentions........................................................................145 5.4. Conclusions.........................................................................................................147 Appendix 5.I: Net present value calculations.............................................................148 6. The Gulf of Castellammare Compared to FEZs in Greece................................150 6.1. Data Set ...............................................................................................................150 6.2. Data Analysis ......................................................................................................151