PROC. ENTOMOL. soc. WASH. 109(4), 2007, pp. 897-908 A NEW SPECIES AND SPECIES DISTRffiUTION RECORDS OF NEOLEUCINODES (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE: SPILOMELINAE) FROM COLOMBIA FEEDING ON SOLANUM SP. ANA ELIZABETH DIAZ AND M. ALMA SOLIS (AED) Programa de Manejo Integrado de Plagas, CORPOICA, C. 1. Palmira, Colombia (e-mail: [email protected]); (MAS) Systematic Entomology Labo­ ratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract.-Neoleucinodes silvaniae, u. sp., from Colombia, is described. The larvae feed on the fruit of wild Solanum lanceifolium Jacq. Adults and larvae of the new species are figured. The new species is compared to Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenee), a major pest of tomatoes throughout South America. Neoleucinodes prophetica (Dyar), N. imperialis (Guenee), and N. torvis Capps are reported from Colombia for the first time. Key Words: Colombia, Solanum, Solanaceae, larvae, morphology Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenee, study on the distribution and biology of 1854), the tomato fruit borer, causes N. elegantalis associated with cultivated economic loss throughout South America and wild solanaceous species in Colombia. in crops of solanaceous vegetables in­ In addition, this is the only comprehensive cluding tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., re-examination of Neoleucinodes species eggplant, Solanum melongena L., pepper, and its description since Capps (1948). Capsicum annuum L., and tropical sola­ In this paper, the presence of N. naceous fruits such as the tomato tree, elegantalis in Colombia was confirmed, Solanum betaceum Cav., and naranjilla, a new species was discovered, and is Solanum quitoense Lam. In Colombia N. named here, and three other species of elegantalis was the only species of this the genus were discovered. The adults genus reported in the literature to occur in and larvae of the new species are de­ warm and cold climates (Viafara et al. scribed below and compared to and/or 1999) primarily as a pest of solanaceous differentiated from N. elegantalis. crops (Gallego 1960, A.L.A.E. 1968, Sanchez 1973, Posada et al. 1981, Gallego and Velez 1992). Capps (1948) reported MATERIAL AND METHODS N. elegantalis from "San Antonio," de­ Solanaceous fruits infested with larvae partment unknown, in Colombia. were collected from 50 localities and 15 Capps (1948) described and revised departments in Colombia and taken to Neoleucinodes, and described several new the laboratory in Palmira (COPROICA). species and closely related genera. The Fifty percent of the larvae from each first author (AED) conducted the first locality were boiled and placed in vials 898 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 1-2. Male adult dorsal view. I, Neoleucinodes silvaniae. 2, N. elegantalis. with 30% ethanol. The other fifty percent Eighty-eight male and female genitalic of the infested fruits were placed in preparations (50% males, 50% females) separate rearing containers where larvae were made from different species feeding matured and pupated within cocoons in on different host plants. The abdomen of paper towels. After emergence, the moths the adult was removed, cleared in 10% were frozen, wings were spread, and KOH, transferred to 15% ethanol, and specimens were labelled. The specimens brushed to remove scales. Then they were are deposited at COPROICA in Palmira. stained with chlorazol black and the VOLUME 109, NUMBER 4 899 excess color removed with clove oil. Euleucinodes conifrons Capps, and Leu­ Before slide mounting in Canada Balsam, cinodes orbonalis (Guenee) from Africa, the clove oil was removed with Histoclear. the latter a pest ofsolanaceous crops that Observations were made using a Wild has been intercepted at U.S. ports. Only M5 dissecting microscope and a Leitz the host plants and larvae of N. elegan­ Laborlux-S compound scope. Measure­ talis and L. orbonalis are known, there­ ments made using an external ruler (Wild fore the immatures of the new species Heerbrugg Switzerland - 310345) includ­ were compared only to these two species. ed female genitalic structures, forewing length, and labial palpal length. Specifi­ RESULTS cally, the length of the bursa copulatrix In Colombia, Neoleucinodes is now (from the ostium bursae to the anterior comprised of five species. Their distribu­ end of the corpus bursae) and the length tions and known hosts within Colombia ofA7, length from the ductus seminalis to and in South America have been ex­ the anterior end of the corpus bursae, panded. Neoleucinodes elegantalis, the from the intersegmental part of A8 to the only previously known species in Co­ anterior margin of the A7, and lengths of lombia, was collected in the three cordil­ the anterior and posterior apophyses. A leras of the Andean region and the camera lucida was used to make sketches northern Caribbean region of Colombia. of the third labial palpal segment of the It has been reared on five cultivated and adults, and its length was indirectly seven wild solanaceous species. The new measured from the drawing. The fore­ species described below, from Dept. wing length was measured from the base Cundinamarca, was reared on S. lancei­ to apex, and the width was measured folium; Neoleucinodes prophetica collect­ from the costal margin to posterior ed in Darien, Dept. Valle on January 5, margin along the median line. 2006 at an altitude of 1,539 m was reared The following abbreviations are used: on Solanum umbel/atum Mill; N. imper­ National Museum of Natural History, ialis collected in Algeciras, Dept. Huila Washington, D.C. (USNM); Entomo­ on February 15, 2006 at an altitude of logical Museum, Agronomy Faculty, 2,248 m. was reared on Solanum sub­ National University of Colombia, Bo­ inerme Jacq; and N. torvis collected from gota (UNAB); National Taxonomic Col­ Jardin, Dept. Antioquia on February 9, lection of Insect "Luis Maria Murillo" 2006 at an altitude of 2,282 was reared (CTNI). Morphological terminology is on Solanum rudepannum Dunal. according to Munroe and Solis (1995) and Maes (1995) for the adults and Stehr Neolellcillodes silvalliae Diaz and Solis, (1987) for the larvae. new species The diagnosis of the new species below (Figs. 1, 7, 9, 11-12, 14, 16-19, 24--25) includes only derived characters or sy­ napomorphies. The adults of the new Diagnosis.-Third segment of labial species were compared to closely related palpus in N. silvaniae short, less than species from the Western Hemisphere of 0.4 mm, in both sexes. Female scape red Neoleucinodes (N. elegantalis (Guenee), dorsally, male scape white dorsally. N. dissolvens (Dyar), N. prophetica Abdomen grey and whitish. Forewing (Dyar), N. torvis Capps, and N. imper­ length 2.2 cm in females and 1.7 cm in ialis (Guenee)), and to species in re­ males. lated genera, Proelucinodes melanoleuca Adult.-Head: Frons round, red; ocel­ Hampson, P. xylopastalis (Schaus). In li posteriorly surrounded by white scales; addition, the adults were compared to chaetosema with red and white scales. 900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 5 6 Figs. 3-6. 3, Female, Neoleucinodes silvaniae. 4, Female, N. eleganlalis. 5, Male, N. silvaniae. 6, Male, N. eleganlalis [arrow = third labial palpal segment]. Antenna with female scape dorsally red, from each anterolateral side of metascu­ laterally red and white; male scape white tum. Legs: Front coxa with white, red, with some red scales dorsally (Figs. 7,9). and yellow scales. Front femur white Labial palpus red; both sexes with third with red and black-tipped scales; front segment of labial palpus short. Third tibia with black scales on base and white labial palpal segment in female scales on apex; front tarsus white and 0.4 mm (n = 1) (Fig. 3), in male = pretarsus with black empodium; mid­ 0.1 mm (n = 1) (Fig. 5). Maxillary and hindlegs white with some red scales palpus short in both sexes. Patagium on tibial base; last two tarsal segments with red and white scales. Tegula mostly yellow in color. Wings (Fig. 1): Forewing black with red scales, posteriorly with with hyaline scales, white at margins; brown-tipped scales, reaching posterior length = 9.5 mm, width = 3.25 mm (n = margin of metathorax. Prothorax: Red, 4); scales red, black-tipped at base of black- tipped scales, anterolaterally with wing. Hindwing with black discal spot two small black spots. Mesothorax: and postmedian line. Golden yellow at Scales red, black-tipped. Mesoscutellum apex in radial area and at margin with two tufts of red and black-tipped (Fig. 1). Abdomen: First tergite white, scales on anterolateral corners. Meta­ second and third tergites with varying thorax: Dorsally white with two tufts of amount of golden-yellow, red, and black red and black-tipped scales protruding scales, with some white at medial line VOLUME 109, NUMBER 4 901 7 8 9 10 Figs. 7-10. Antennal scape (arrow). 7, Neoleucinodes silvaniae, female. 8, N. elegantalis, female. 9, N. silvaniae, male. 10, N. elegantalis, male. and distal margin, abdominal sternites Body with conspicuously pigmented pi­ white; distally curved dorsally in both nacula, particularly on mesothorax females and males of live adults. Male (Fig. 16). Head yellow with dark reticu­ genitalia (Fig. 11): Tegumen with anteri­ lations. Posterior margin of cephalic or margin completely sclerotized; fibula capsule with black pigmentation. Stem­ simple with base not hollow, closer to rna 2 closer to 1 than to stemma 3. valval base than to apex. Apex of valva Stemma black, arranged in normal arc. truncate, sclerotized costa extending 3/4 Seta Sl on median line connecting center of valva length; cornutus of aedeagus of stemma 2 and 3. Prothoracic shield bladelike, curved slightly apically dark brown with strong dark marking, (Fig. 12). Female genitalia (Fig. 14): Os­ shield sclerotized with reniform spot and tium bursae membranous, bow-shaped, with extended dark brown reticulations with large aperture; anterior and poste­ posterior to XD2 seta.