DOCUMENT RESUME ED 129 694 SO 009 474 AUTHOR Westbury, Ian; Westbury, Susan TITLE Indians in the American System: Past and Present, Student Book. The Lavinia and Charles P. Schwartz Citizenship Project. INSTITUTION Chicago Univ., Ill. Graduate School of Education. PUB nAT7 75 NOTE 80p.; For related documents, see SO 009 469-473 7,,DRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$4.67 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *American Indian Culture; *American Indians; Anthropology; *Citizenship; Cultural Differences; Culture Conflict; Ethnic.Groups; Ethnic Stereotypes; Life Style; Pol'tical Science; Political Socialization; Reservations (Indian) ;Secondary Educa+ion; Social Studies; *United States History; War ABSTRACT The purpose of this curriculum unit on citizenship education is to enrich the way students think about AmericanIndians by presenting the history of American Indians and their relationship with white Americans. The first chapter discusses the kindsof ideas people have about Indians, especially stereotypes of Indians being wild, red-colored, and uncivilized. The second chapterlooks at the prehistory of Indian culture to see the ways in which Indianpeoples learned to exploit the land. The excavations ofan Indian camp site at Green Point, Michigan, are described, including discussionof the dig, findings, and changes in Indian life from S00-1700A.D. Chapter three recounts Indian-white relations during 1600-1900 inorder to explore what happened when a stone-age culture facedan acquisitive white culture that was more highly developed and hadmore resources. The Iroquois Indians in the northeastserve as an example of how Indian life patterns were destroyed by European, occupationof America. The last chapter examines the Indian-whitecontact and the way it has caused recent problems for Indians. Data on employment, income, and death are presented; termination of the Menomineetribe is related; and reservation living is described. (ND) Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makesevery effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects thequality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproduct3.ons ERIC makesavailable * via the EPIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS) . EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions* * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** S DEPAW TMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION &WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION 00(0%11NT11AS BEEN HEPRO 001I I-NA(Tt v AS RI CEIV1 E) WOM oF .41.0N 0.4 OUCTANIEATION ORICoN .1.1,N6 rE)INS ul VIEW OW OPINIONS THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 00 NO1 NECESSTSWit WEPI,IF SUN, If:AL NATIONAI INsnTuTE 01 T OT.T 41,0N 110TI1ION OW POI THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION THE LAVINIA AND CHARLES P. SCHWARTZ CITIZENSHIPPROJECT E E EEM,SS10,4 ICHi, P(40,71..1,I I i!, vAIFTTIA: (lt, III I t:),V,A,. r -, ND CITICTANI.141,01.1.-;,t A AGPFEME4T;;;,0,. TNT NarioNA1 IN Dr EDUCATION Tu1W-4EN :,Lc ION OU "SIDE1.1 t 11IC SYSTEM ChArs PE.kossirr, , opIloh-, STUDENT BOOK INDIANS IN THE AMERICAN SYSTEM: PAST AND PRESENT by IAN WESTBURY and SUSAN WESTBURY Dr. Mark M. Krug, Editor 2 Copyright Ly The University of Chicago, 1975 This book is dedicated to the memory of Charles P. Schwartz a good man and a good citizen 3 ADVISORY COMMITTEE: SCHWARTZ CITIZENSHIPPROJECT January, 1975 Robert Ahrens, Director, Division for Senior Citizens,Department of Human Resources, City of Chicago 1\1. Cheri ff Bassiouni, Professor of Law, De Paul University Clarence Fishburn, Professor of Education, San Diego State University John Hope Franklin, Professor of History, University ofChicago John Gearon, Curriculum Supervisor, Director, Area A,Chicago Board of Education Honorable Gene Hoffman, Representative, Illinois State Assembly Philip .Jackson, Dean, Graduate School of Education, Universityof Chicago Reuben A. Kessel, Professor, Graduate School of Business, Universityof Chicago Paul F. Kleine, Chairman, Department of Education, University ofWisconsin Arthur Mann, Professor of History, University of Chicago Joseph T. Meek, former President: Illinois Retail Merchants Association Dan Muller, Board of Education, Chicago, Illinois Leslie Paffrath, President, Johnson Foundation, Racine, Wisconsin Paul Peterson, Associate Professor of Education and Political Science,University of Chicago William Rader, Professor of Education, University of Florida, Tallahassee, Florida Kevin Ryan, Associate Professor of Education, University of Chicago Charles P. Schwartz, Attorney-at-Law Larry Shaw, Associate Professor of Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, California Honorable Paul Simon, Representative, Illinois State Assembly Frank V. Smith, Engineer Arthur W. Sprague, Jr., Chairman, Social Studies Department, Lyons Township High School, La Grange, Illinois Jo(A Surval, Chairman, Social Studies Department, Laboratory School, University of Chicago Lynn Gordon, Executive Secretary Mark M. Krug, Director, Professor of Education in History, University of Chicago TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PRE FACE ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS jjj CHAPTER I: HOW DO YOU SEE INDIANS') 1 CHAPTER II: THE PAST OF AMERICA'S INDIANS CHAPTER III: AMERICA'S INDIANS AND THEIR EUROPEAN CONQUERORS 95 CHAPTER IV: INDIAN AMERICANS TODAY 49 INTRODUCTION ine Deloria Jr. ,an American Indian writing on the history of his people, defined the present mood of American Indians in these 1.,O1'ds: "To he an Indian in modern American societyis in a very real sense to be utn.eal and ahistorical. It is this unreal feeling that has been Ixellingup inside us and threatens to make this decade the most decisive in history for Indian people. In so many vays, Indian people are re-examiningthemselves in an effort to re- Jefine a ri o,,s. social structure for their people. " (Custer Died for Your Sins,Mac- millan, 1971). This re-examination.of their status and prospects in American societytakes many forms, as q.equent newspaper and television reports indicate. American Indians in tnany parts of the countryhave embarke I on a course of militant action to defend their rights. In other instances, they are taking steps to improvetheir evonnmic situation and to preserve their culture. Thus, this is a propitious time to publish a teaching uniton the American Indians in the curriculum series of the Schwartz Citizenship Project. In spite of the appearance in recent years of a number of bookson the history of American Indians, there is a dire lack of quality teaching materials in thearea. The history of American Indians, and the unhappy story of the relationship betweenthem and white Americans are inadequately and unfairlytreated in most textbooks. Susan Westbury, a doctoral candidate in history, and Professor Ian West- bury have combined insights from the archeology of ancient Indian settlementswith In examination of the place of native Americans in contemporary society. I part- cula rly',(:ommend to teachers and students the case study of the Menominee Indian Beervation.It is an opportunity for an in-depth examination of the economic, s)cial, and political dilemmas facing American Indians. It is not easy to writea scholarly, dispassionate and interesting teaching unit on American Indians, but the authors have acccmplished t-,i;; objective. Dr. Mark M. Krug, Editor 6 PREPACE The purpose of this curriculum unit isto enrich the way its readers think abotit American Indians. 'file first chapter dj.scAsses the kinds of ideas people IId\L' of other groups of people. We believe thit trliny Americans have an out-of- date and inaccurate picture of Indians. One 0.0 to ehithge and broaden that picture t) understand more deeply both the past and present of America's Indians, and that is our goal in this book. We do this partly bY exploring the past of a group of Indians v. ho about 500 B.C. to 1300 U. in the Saginaw Valley in Michigan. We can thus understand one of the n-lanY vays of life or America's Indians, and tra.ce the development and chang,eir that pattern through to the white ocyupation of America. We then explore the tir-ne- Q.f violent and destructive change ci In,lian civilization which occurred when Eorc)Pcns eame to America and, over ti:He, settled the land front the Atlantic to the iDa-cific. The last chapter attempts to shuw the way of life and problems of some p resent_day Indians. The place that Indians and other minorities have and will ha,vo'iri <.)nr nation is now being consid- ered anew and the ways in which we see the 1ai Will play an important role in determining the future. If in working through tHs book, readers begin to see Ainerica's Indian minority in new ways, we tj.i1 be satisfied. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS his hook %%ould tAyt h4ve t)een possible without thesupport and encourage- nu.mts er a large utunberf friends and colleagues. This is particularly true of Our venture into Americivj Jreheology, and without the help of James E.Pitting and Jinnes II. thi.) tal; would have been impossible. They shared withus their knowledg:e and entin, as well as making availablea manuscript of the study reporting the resulfof the Sehultz excavation, We must thank,too, our Mad?line Rontv, A.ho worked hard overmany messy pages. Alost of all we are 0.ateful to Ala.t",- KI'Llg, Director of the Schwartz Citizenship Project, l'or the Opportunity to attQft;yt this study;we took much longer than we said we v.euld, and tested his patitic'0 to the Unlit. 8 iii CHAPTER I 110W DO YOU SEE INDIANS'? On a fall day aCo up le of ye a r s ago we were walking in some woodsnear our hotne when our son, then four years old, askedus whether there were any "wild Indiansthere. We didn't say "no, " but instead asked himwhat a "wild Indian" was. He (.ouid not answer us, but what did hemean by "wild Indian, " and what was a Imilair 2" lie knew what wild animalswere, and we wondered whether he might have thought that there were "wild Indians" similarto wild animals.