January 8, 2019 DEFINITIONS & TYPES TODAY’S QUESTION: What are your top 3 reasons for taking this course? MODULE 1- FOUNDATIONS FOUNDATIONS Terminology (for this class) Types- categorizing green networks and green space BIT OF HISTORY Brief history of green network planning History of parks and green network planning in Vancouver DEFINITIONS & TYPES TODAY DEFINING TERMS: open space green space public space green infrastructure urban forest greenway green corridor natural area habitat area TYPES (Categorizing): funcons scale naturalness jurisdicon PROJECT 1 WORK SESSION WHAT IS OPEN SPACE? OPEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC SPACE URBAN OPEN SPACE: Urban land without buildings, structures green and/or grey includes public + private may include streets, parking lots etc OPEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC SPACE URBAN OPEN SPACE: Urban land without buildings, structures green and/or grey includes public + private may include streets, parking lots etc PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: aka PUBLIC SPACE: Open spaces accessible to the public includes parks, streets, plazas etc. OPEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC SPACE URBAN OPEN SPACE: Urban land without buildings, structures green and/or grey includes public + private may include streets, parking lots etc PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: aka PUBLIC SPACE: Open spaces accessible to the public includes parks, streets, plazas etc. GREEN SPACE: aka GREEN FABRIC Areas of the city the are vegetated includes public + private green areas OPEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC SPACE URBAN OPEN SPACE: Urban land without buildings, structures green and/or grey includes public + private may include streets, parking lots etc PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: aka PUBLIC SPACE: Open spaces accessible to the public includes parks, streets, plazas etc. GREEN SPACE: aka GREEN FABRIC Areas of the city the are vegetated includes public and private green areas PUBLIC GREEN SPACE: Green spaces accessible to the public i.e. parks, gardens, natural areas, greenways OPEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC GREEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC OPEN SPACE parks gardens natural areas beaches greenways golf courses private yards streets private gardens squares golf courses OPEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC SPACE GREEN NETWORKS PUBLIC GREEN SPACE GREEN SPACE PUBLIC OPEN SPACE parks gardens natural areas beaches greenways golf courses private yards streets private gardens squares golf courses GREEN FABRIC URBAN FOREST GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Enhancing Green Networks and Fabric FINAL REPORT - Site 13 Existng Green and Grey Conditons There is a sharp visual diference between grey and green landscapes within Site 13. Green cover includes private backyards and frontyards, street boulevards, and public green space. Grey cover includes the building footrpints, roads, and large cement surfaces (i.e., parking lots). Cover Type Grey cover Street trees Green cover Building footprints Share of Green and Grey Cover 40% 60% Green Grey PrivateWhat is the urban forest? lawns The majority signifcantly of grey space is contribute to the atributed to the e riv grey cover due to industrial area. e D arin SW M the dominance of low-density land uses Cambie Street Cambie N Green and grey conditons in Site 13 0 250 500m Typical green (lef) and grey (right) landscapes within SIte 13 4 URBAN FOREST Skinny StreEts and GreEn NEighbourhoods, Girling & Kelle_: “a vast area of cultured treEs, shrubs and herbacEous plants intErspersed with ny remnants of natural landscapes” - also includes soils, microorganisms, insects, wildlife, and humans - primarily a managed landscape - crosses public and private boundaries - private lands “managed” by lay people URBAN FOREST URBAN FOREST: Urban forests are trees, forests, greenspace and related abioc, bioc and cultural components in areas extending from the urban core to the urban-rural fringe. Tree Canada: Canadian Urban Forest Strategy 2019-2024 GREEN FABRIC URBAN FOREST GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE GREEN FABRIC = THE URBAN FOREST Enhancing Green Networks and Fabric FINAL REPORT - Site 13 Existng Green and Grey Conditons ALL urban green cover functioning as a systemThere is a sharp visual diference between grey and green landscapes within Site 13. Green cover includes private backyards and frontyards, street boulevards, and public green space. Grey cover includes the building footrpints, roads, and large cement surfaces (i.e., parking lots). Cover Type Grey cover Street trees Green cover Building footprints Share of Green and Grey Cover 40% 60% Green Grey Private lawns The majority signifcantly of grey space is contribute to the atributed to the e riv grey cover due to industrial area. e D arin SW M the dominance of low-density land uses Cambie Street Cambie N Green and grey conditons in Site 13 0 250 500m Typical green (lef) and grey (right) landscapes within SIte 13 4 GREEN FABRIC URBAN FOREST GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE = Miriam Webster: the system of public works of a [city] GRAY INFRASTRUCTURE Austin: foundational systems of a city/ connected by networks i.e. transportation networks, water supply, sewage treatment, communications and power networks GREEN FABRIC URBAN FOREST GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE = Miriam Webster: the system of public works of a [city] GRAY INFRASTRUCTURE Austin: foundational systems of a city/ connected by networks i.e. transportation networks, water supply, sewage treatment, communications and power networks “GREEN” = systems that provide ecosystem services all urban vegetation, and functioning “natural” hydrology GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Austin “a continuous network of [green] corridors and spaces, planned and managed to sustain healthy ecosystem functions” + to generate human benefits NECESSARY: connectivity multiple functions ecosystem services GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE- narrow definitions GreEning gray infrastructure: “by greening our “gray infrastructure” (buildings, roads, bridges, pipelines, etc.)— effecvely soening the lines between the human-made and natural environments— we can create urban systems that serve human needs and protect and restore environmental quality.” Steve Nicholas, City of Seale Office of Sustainability www.djc.com/news/en/11135643 Crown Street, Vancouver GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE- narrow definitions StormwatEr management: “Green infrastructure [strategies] infiltrate, evapotranspire, capture and reuse rainwater...to maintain or restore natural hydrologies.” “green infrastructure pracces include rain gardens, porous pavements, green roofs, infiltraon planters, tree [planng] and rainwater harvesng” US Environmental Protecon Agency Cynthia’s green roof and rain garden GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE- narrow definitions URBAN FORESTRY: Urban forests are trees, forests, greenspace and related abioc, bioc and cultural components in areas extending from the urban core to the urban-rural fringe. Urban forests must be strategically managed and incorporated as green infrastructure into land use planning both spaally and temporally to ensure their ability to provide a sustainable supply of ecological and socio- economic services, and support healthy, sustainable communiQes. Tree Canada: Canadian Urban Forest Strategy 2019-2024 Green infrastructure is defined as the natural vegetave systems and green technologies that collecvely provide society with a multude of economic, environmental, and social benefits and include: Urban forests, stormwater systems, green roofs, parks and open spaces, urban agriculture, natural heritage Urban forests are crical components of urban infrastructure that exist on private and public lands: • Public trees and vegetaon include street trees, those in parks, as well as municipally managed forested areas and conservaon areas. • Private trees and vegetaon include those in private front and backyards, around apartment buildings, in parking lots, and on commercial and industrial lots. hps://greeninfrastructureontario.org/urban-forests/ GREENWAY Charles E Lile - Greenways for America 1995 greenways-linear open spaces that preserve and restore nature in cies, suburbs and rural areas. Lile also coined them “networks of green” 1990 GREENWAY GREENWAYS— corridors of various widths liked together in a network including ecologically significant corridors, recreational corridors, historical or cultural corridors (Fabos L&UP Greenways Special Issue, Vol. 33 1995) Diagram of Surrey’s Green Infrastructure Network URBAN GREENWAY City of Vancouver GREENWAYS 2018 Greenways in Vancouver are linear public corridors for pedestrians and cyclists that connect parks, nature reserves, cultural features, historic sites, neighbourhoods and retail areas. Vancouver Greenways can be waterfront promenades, urban walks, environmental demonstraon trails, heritage walks and nature trails. Greenways expand opportunies for urban recreaon, provide alternate ways to move through the city, and enhance the experience of nature, community and city life. hps://vancouver.ca/streets-transportaon/greenways-for- walking-and-cycling.aspx NATURAL AREA HABITAT AREA What is a natural area? What is a habitat area? Are they one in the same? NATURAL AREA HABITAT AREA City of Vancouver Biodiversity Strategy 2016 Natural areas are forests, wetlands, streams, and other ecosystems that are composed primarily of native plants and animals. For example, older forests in Stanley Park, wetlands in Jericho Beach Park, the Still Creek corridor, and Trout Lake are considered natural areas. Naturalness was estimated for each polygon on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being maintained vegetation, and 5 being undisturbed, natural vegetation. NATURAL AREA HABITAT AREA Vancouver definitions: HABITAT: