<p>AP EUROPEAN HISTORY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE</p><p>CHAPTER 14</p><p>1.Who designed the bronze doors for the San Giovanni Baptistry in Florence?</p><p>2. Who commanded the Portuguese fleet that rounded the Cape of Good Hope & reached India in 1497-99?</p><p>3. Who was the ultimate victor in the War of the Roses?</p><p>4. Describe painting and sculpture during the Renaissance.</p><p>5 . How did the fall of Constantinople contribute to the development of the Renaissance?</p><p>6. Who wrote THE PRINCE?</p><p>7. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?</p><p>8. Who painted THE BIRTH OF VENUS?</p><p>9. What were the three orders of people in Medieval Europe?</p><p>10. Define HUMANISM</p><p>11. What is CANON LAW?</p><p>CHAPTER 15</p><p>12. Why did the Reformation encouraged literacy and education?</p><p>13. The Protestant Reformation encouraged what changes in the status of women?</p><p>14. Briefly describe Martin Luther’s religious beliefs.</p><p>15. Which German city did a group of Anabaptists seize control of in 1534?</p><p>16. Who was burned at the stake as a heretic for translating the Bible into English?</p><p>17. What was the most important new religious order of sixteenth-century Catholic Europe?</p><p>18. The Reformation in England was primarily the result of whom & why?</p><p>19. Where did John Calvin develop his ministry and live most of his later life?</p><p>20. Define Peace of Augsburg 21. What new musical form emerged in sixteenth-century Protestant Europe?</p><p>CHAPTER 16</p><p>22.______is an artistic style of the 17th century that featured curves, exaggerated lighting, intense emotions, a kind of artistic sensationalism. 23.______ruled Spain from 1556-1598, he also ruled over the Netherlands and the Spanish colonies in the New World, he was a devout Catholic and was once married to Mary Tudor.</p><p>24. In 1593, this French king publicly embraced Catholicism. He granted the Huguenots religious toleration in 1598. ______.</p><p>25. The most famous mannerist painter was ______, who lived in Spain in the 1570s and crowded figures or objects into every available space and used larger than life or elongated figures.</p><p>26. The influential French administrator who led the government during the reign of Louis XIII who died in 1642 was ______.</p><p>27. One of the most innovative composers of the new secular form, the Opera was ______.</p><p>28. The French mathematician and philosopher who stated, “I think, therefore I am”, and was a strong proponent of human reason was ______.</p><p>29. The Englishman, ______, (1578-1657) used dissection to examine the circulation of blood within the body, demonstrating how the heart worked as a pump.</p><p>30. The Italian scientist, ______, (1564-1642), supported the view that the sun was the center of the universe when he invented a superior telescope to observe the heavens. He was forced to appear before the Inquisition by the Catholic Church.</p><p>31. Tsar ______(1533-1584) stopped at nothing to make Muscovy the center of a mighty Russian empire. He had unpredictable fits of rage, killing priests, boyars and even his own son.</p><p>32. What was the Edict of Restitution (1629?</p><p>33. What was the most important force causing a continuation of the conflict during the “Thirty Years War”?</p><p>34. What did the Peace of Westphalia concluded in 1648 accomplish?</p><p>35. Most of the victims of the witchcraft persecutions of the 17th century were ______</p><p>36. What countries were ruled by Philip II?</p><p>37. Identify Peter Paul Rubens</p><p>38. Define The Edict of Nantes</p><p>39. The economic recession of the 17th century caused ______CHAPTER 17</p><p>40. The ______occurred when the English Parliament overthrew King James II and replaced him with William, Prince of Orange, & James’s daughter, Mary.</p><p>41. ______is a system of government in which the ruler claimed sole and uncontestable power.</p><p>42. ______is a style of painting and architecture that reflected the ideals of the art of antiquity; in this genre, geometric shapes, order and harmony of lines took precedence over more emotional and exuberant forms of art.</p><p>43. Dutch painters such as ______(1632-1675), the son of a silk worker, found their clients to be people such as themselves, of common stock. His best-known paintings shown women working at home and he made ordinary activities seem precious and beautiful. One of his famous works was Officer with a Laughing Girl.</p><p>44. ______of France was considered the most prominent example of an absolute monarch.</p><p>45. Who were the Jansenists?</p><p>46. In what ways did Tsar Alexei expand his absolutist powers?</p><p>47. What was a “stadholder”?</p><p>48. Which ruler established absolutist rule over Brandenburg-Prussia?</p><p>49. In the Petition of Right of 1628, Charles I promised ______</p><p>50. Describe the government of the Dutch Republic.</p><p>51. In the first half of the seventeenth century the hub of the business world in Europe was located in ______</p><p>CHAPTER 18</p><p>52. What were some of the agricultural developments that began in Britain and spread to other countries?</p><p>53. What were some of the elements of Peter the Great’s Westernization program?</p><p>54. How did the Enclosure movement change the social structure of the British countryside?</p><p>55. How did King Frederick William I make Prussia a formidable military power?</p><p>56. Describe Rococo painting 57. What is Jacobitism?</p><p>58. Define Consumer Revolution:</p><p>59. What is the Enlightenment Movement?</p><p>CHAPTER 19</p><p>60. Who was the chief editor of the Encyclopedia?</p><p>61. What was the primary use of James Watt’s improved steam engine when it was first introduced?</p><p>62. What is the main argument of Immanuel Kant’s book, The Critique of Pure Reason?</p><p>63. What were the trends that led toward industrialization?</p><p>64. What was the Republic of Letters?</p><p>65. How did the attitudes towards children change among the elite classes?</p><p>66. Define Industrialization:</p><p>67. What are salons?</p><p>68. Define Deist:</p><p>69. ______is an economic doctrine developed by Adam Smith based on freeing the economy from government intervention and control.</p><p>70. Define Hasidim:</p><p>71. ______is a view of art and literature that traced its emphasis on individual genius, deep emotion and joys of nature to thinkers like Rousseau.</p><p>CHAPTER 20</p><p>72. Which French colony experienced a slave revolt in 1791?</p><p>73. On what charge was leveled against Louis XVI that resulted in his execution? 74. Which European country no longer existed in 1795?</p><p>75. What is the Tennis Court Oath and why was it taken?</p><p>76. What was the Reign of Terror?</p><p>77. What was the Directory?</p><p>78. Who were the sans-coulettes?</p><p>79. What did the French armies do when they occupied an area?</p><p>80. What was the Thermidorian Reaction?</p><p>81. What was the Bastille?</p><p>82. Who was Marie Anthoinette?</p><p>83. What was the first and most influential of the political clubs formed during the French Revolution?</p><p>84. What was the Great Fear?</p><p>85. What was the slogan of the French Revolution?</p><p>CHAPTER 21</p><p>86. What were some of the things that the Civil Code of 1804 did?</p><p>87. Which battle is considered Napoleon’s final defeat? ______</p><p>88. What was the Continental System?</p><p>89. Who were the Luddites? </p><p>90. Who came to power as a result of the coup against the Directory of France in 1799?</p><p>91. Which countries made up the Quadruple Alliance that defeated Napoleon in 1814?</p><p>92. After Napoleon abdicated, who became the ruler of France?</p><p>93. What was the result of the Concordat of 1801 with the Pope? 94. Which British Prime minister helped arrange the post-Napoleonic settlement?</p><p>95. Which political doctrine justified the restoration of traditional rulers?</p><p>96. ______met from 1814-15 to determine the fate of Europe after Napoleon’s defeat? They settled the boundaries, rulers, etc.</p><p>97. ______was Austria’s chief negotiator and minister who led the major meeting of Europe in 1814 and helped set conservative policy in Europe for almost 40 years.</p><p>98. What was the Reform Act?</p><p>99. What type of military leader/ruler was Napoleon (refer back to your Chapter 21 Questions)?</p><p>100. What did Chateaubriand think of Napoleon? (#10 on Questions)</p><p>101. ______was a movement which opposed the conservatives on one hand and the revolutionaries on the other; they supported the Enlightenment ideals of constitutional guarantees Of personal liberty and free trade in economics.</p><p>102. ______denounced the extremities of Romanticism. He wrote the epic poem Faust which seemed to be based on the French Revolutionary legacy and industrialization.</p><p>103. What was the Decembrist Revolt? </p>