<p> State Exam Vocabulary</p><p>Bacteriology</p><p>Acquired Immunity - immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a disease</p><p>Allergy - reaction due to extreme sensitivity to foods, chemicals</p><p>Antiseptics - chemical agents that may kill, retard, or prevent growth</p><p>Asymptomatic - showing no symptoms or signs of infection</p><p>Bacilli - short, rod shape bacteria; most common; disease such as tetanus(lockjaw) typhoid fever, tuberculosis DPT</p><p>Bacteria - on cell microorganism with plant and animal characteristics; microbes or germs</p><p>Bloodborne pathogens - disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids.</p><p>Chronic disease disease of long duration</p><p>Cilia - slender, hair-like extension that permit movement in bacteria; whip like motion</p><p>Cocci - round-shape bacteria that appear single or in groups</p><p>Congenital disease - disease that exists at birth</p><p>Contaminants - substances that can cause contaminations</p><p>Decontamination - removal of pathogens from tools or surface</p><p>Diplococci - spherical bacteria that grows in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia</p><p>Disinfectants chemical agents used to destroy bacteria and some viruses and to disinfect implements and surfaces</p><p>Flagella - slender, hair-like extensions that permit movement </p><p>Fungicidal - capable of destroying fungi General infection - infection that results when the bloodstream carries bacteria or viruses to all parts of the body</p><p>Immunity - ability of the body to destroy any bacteria that has gained entrance to the body</p><p>Infection - the invasion of body tissue by disease causing bacteria; pus</p><p>Local infection - infection that is confined in one location; boil</p><p>Mitosis - cell dividing into two new cells</p><p>MSDS material safety data sheet; information about products associated with levels and storage requirements</p><p>Natural immunity - natural resistance to disease </p><p>Nonpathogenic - not harmful; not disease producing</p><p>Objective symptoms - that are visible, such as pimples, pustules</p><p>Parasites - organism that lives in or on another organism and draws it nourishment from that organism</p><p>Pathogenic - causing disease; harmful</p><p>Pediculosis captis - skin disease caused by infestation of head lice</p><p>Phenols - carbolic acid; caustic poison; in 5% dilute solution used to sanitize metal implements</p><p>Pseudomonacidal - capable of destroying pseudomonas bacteria </p><p>Pus fluid product of inflammation that contains white blood cells and debris of dead cells and bacteria</p><p>QUATS quaternary ammonium compounds; disinfectant that is non- toxic, odorless, and fast acting.</p><p>Sanitation 3rd level of decontamination; lowest level; reducing the number of pathogenic</p><p>Saprophytes - nonpathogenic bacteria that normally grows on dead matter</p><p>Scabies - contagious skin disease caused by itch mite Sodium hypochlorite - common household bleach; disinfect implements</p><p>Spirilla spiral shape bacteria; causes syphilis and Lyme disease </p><p>Staphylococci - pus forming bacteria; grows in clusters causes pustule and boils</p><p>Sterilization - highest level of decontamination; completely destroys organism on nonporous surfaces </p><p>Streptococci - pus-forming bacteria arranged in lines or chains; cause strep throat and blood poisoning </p><p>Virucidal - capable of destroying viruses</p><p>Muscular System</p><p>Myology - study of muscle</p><p>Striated muscle - voluntary muscle; controlled by will; movement</p><p>Non-striated muscle - involuntary muscle, smooth; function automatically without will; found in organs; breathing and digestive </p><p>Cardiac muscle - involuntary muscle that is in heart</p><p>Origin – part of muscle that does not move; attached to skeleton</p><p>Insertion - part of muscle at the more moveable part of skeleton </p><p>Belly - middle part of muscle </p><p>Epicranius - broad muscle that covers top of skull</p><p>Masseter and temporalis muscle coordinates in opening and closing of mouth (chewing muscle)</p><p>Skeleton System</p><p>Occipital bone - hindmost bone of the skull; protruding bone in back of skull</p><p>Parietal bone - forms side and crown Frontal bone – forms forehead</p><p>Nasal bone forms bridge of nose</p><p>Lacrimal bone small, thin bone located at the front inner wall of eye socket</p><p>Zygomatic or malar bone - cheeks; cheekbones</p><p>Maxillae - bones of upper jaws</p><p>Mandible - lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face</p><p>Hyoid bone - U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue “Adam’s apple”</p><p>Thorax - chest bone; protects internal organs</p><p>Sternum - breastbone</p><p>Humerus - uppermost and largest bone in arm</p><p>Ulna - inner and larger bone of the forearm</p><p>Radius - smaller bone in the forearm</p><p>Carpus - wrist</p><p>Phalanges - bones in the fingers</p><p>Chemistry</p><p>Acid - solution that has a pH below 7.0, taste sour</p><p>Alcohol - readily evaporating, colorless liquid </p><p>Alkali - solution that has pH above 7.0; tastes bitter</p><p>Ammonia - colorless gas with a pungent odor</p><p>Atom - smallest particle of an element </p><p>Chemical change - change in a chemical composition of a substance, in which new substance is formed</p><p>Combustion - rapid oxidation of any substance; accompanied by heat of light Desincrustation - process used to soften and emulsify grease deposit and blackheads in the hair follicles</p><p>Element - the simplest form of matter; cannot broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity</p><p>Emulsion - mixture of 2 or more immiscible substance united with the aid of a binder </p><p>Glycerin - sweet, colorless, oily substance formed by the decomposition of oils, fat </p><p>Immiscible - not capable of being mixed together; oil and water</p><p>Matter - any substance that occupy space</p><p>Miscible - capable of being mixed together; </p><p>Organic chemistry - study of substance that contains carbon</p><p>Oxidation - chemical reaction that combines an element with oxygen to produce oxide</p><p>Oxidizing agents - substances that releases oxygen pH - potential hydrogen; measures acid and alkaline physical change - change into new substance redox - chemical reaction in which oxidizing agent is reduced silicones - oils used in hair conditioner and as water-resistant lubricants for skin solute - dissolved substance in a solution solution - blended mixture of 2 or more solids, liquids, or gases surfactants - surface agents; that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix volatile - easily evaporating Hair and Scalp</p><p>Alopecia abnormal hair loss</p><p>Alopecia areata sudden falling out of hair in round patches; baldness in spots</p><p>Anagen - growth phase in hair cycle; new hair</p><p>Androgenic alopecia male pattern baldness; </p><p>Arrector pili - involuntary muscle in the skin inserted at the follicle; goose bumps</p><p>Canities - gray hair</p><p>Catagen - brief transition period between the growth and resting phase of hair</p><p>COHNS 5 elements make up human hair; Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur</p><p>Cortex - middle layer of hair; containing melanin pigment</p><p>Cowlick - tuft of hair that stands straight up</p><p>Cuticle outermost layer of hair; scale like</p><p>Dermal papilla small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of follicle</p><p>Disulfide bond - chemical side bond that joins sulfur atoms of two amino acids; stronger; accounts for 1/3 strength</p><p>Eumelanin melanin that gives brown and black color to hair</p><p>Follicle - tube-like depression or pocket in the skin that contains hair root</p><p>Fragilitas crinium technical term for brittle hair</p><p>Furuncle boil</p><p>Hair bulb lowest part of hair strand; forms hair root</p><p>Density number of individual hair strands on one square inch Elasticity ability for hair to stretch with out breaking</p><p>Porosity ability for hair to absorb moisture</p><p>Hair root part of hair below skin surface</p><p>Hair shaft portion of the that projects beyond the skin</p><p>Hair stream hair flowing in one direction</p><p>Hair texture thickness or diameter of individual hair strand</p><p>Hydrogen bond - physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat</p><p>Hypertrichosis abnormal growth of hair; hirsuties</p><p>Medulla innermost layer of hair; pith; often absent in fine hair</p><p>Monilethrix beaded hair</p><p>Pheomelanin melanin that provide red, ginger or yellow tones to hair</p><p>Pityriasis - dandruff</p><p>Pityriasis capitis simplex scalp inflammation marked by dry dandruff, thin scales</p><p>Pityriasis steatoides marked by greasy type of dandruff</p><p>Postoartum alopecia temporary hair loss due to pregnancy</p><p>Ringed hair - variet of canities</p><p>Sebaceous gland oil gland of the skin</p><p>Sebum oil secretion of the sebaceous gland; lubricate hair and skin</p><p>Telogen - resting phase of hair growth; final phase in hair growth</p><p>Terminal hair long, soft hair found on scalp, legs and arms</p><p>Tinea - ringworm</p><p>Tinea capitis ringworm of scalp</p><p>Tinea favosa ringworm; dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crust on scalp Trichology science dealing with hair</p><p>Trichoptilosis split ends</p><p>Hair Design</p><p>Balance - harmony or proportion in hairstyling</p><p>Concave curving inward; profile</p><p>Convex - curving outward</p><p>Diagonal lines lines positioned between horizontal and vertical lines</p><p>Fringe - bangs</p><p>Horizontal lines - parallel to floor </p><p>Profile - outline of face</p><p>Vertical lines lines that are straight up and down</p><p>Shampooing</p><p>Acid-balancing shampoo balanced to ph of 4.5 to 5.5</p><p>Clarifying shampoo containing acidic ingredient such as cider vinegar to cut through product build up that can flatten hair</p><p>Conditioner special chemical agents applied to hair to deposit proteins or moisturizer; to restore strength to hair</p><p>Dry or powder shampoo shampoo that cleanses hair without the use of soap water</p><p>Humectants substance that absorb moisture</p><p>Hydrophilic capable of combining with or attracting water</p><p>Lipophilic having an affinity for attracting fat or oil</p><p>Nonstripping shampoo shampoo made not to strip out color Haircutting </p><p>Angle hair is held away form held to create elevation</p><p>Apex highest point on head</p><p>Beveling tapering the ends of the hair</p><p>Blunt haircut one-length; 0 degree</p><p>Carving haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into hair and resting on scalp, then moving the shears through the hair</p><p>Clipper-over-comb haircutting technique where clippers move sideway across the comb</p><p>Cross-checking parting the haircut in the opposite way you cut it to check for precision</p><p>Crown area of head between apex and back </p><p>Cutting line angle in which the finger is held when cutting </p><p>Elevation angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held</p><p>Graduated haircut stacked; low to medium elevation; wedge; 45 degree</p><p>Guideline section of hair use as a guide to cut hair</p><p>Long layer haircut layer that is over directed to keep length in a style; 180 degree</p><p>Line - thin continuous mark; </p><p>Layered haircut uniform haircut; same length throughout hair cut; 90 degrees</p><p>Nape back part of neck;</p><p>Notching version of point cutting</p><p>Overdirection combing a section away from its natural falling position to create length</p><p>Parietal ridge widest area of the head Perimeter the outer line of a hairstyle</p><p>Point cutting cutting with the tips of scissors</p><p>Slithering process of thinning the hair to graduated length w/ shears; effilating</p><p>Stationary guideline guideline that does not move</p><p>Tension amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a section</p><p>Texturizing removing excess bulk</p><p>Traveling guideline guidelines that moves as the haircutting progresses</p><p>Weight line a visual line in a hair cut.</p><p>Hairstyles</p><p>Back-brushing to build a soft cushion of hair; ruffing</p><p>Back-combing combing small section of hair to mat at scalp; teasing, ratting, French lacing</p><p>Base stationary, or nonmoving part of pin curl. Panel of hair on which roller is placed</p><p>Cascade curl stand up curls; pin curls standing up on head</p><p>Circle part of pin curl that forms a complete circle</p><p>Concentrator nozzle attachment of blow dryer; directs air in one way</p><p>Finger waving process of shaping hair into parallel shape of “S”</p><p>Full-stem curl curl placed off base; greatest mobility</p><p>Hair pressing temporarily straightening extremely curly hair</p><p>Half stem curl curl placed ½ on its base; medium movement</p><p>No-stem curl placed on base; produces tight curl Off-base - position off it base to produce less volume</p><p>On base - placed directly on base to produce full volume</p><p>Shaping - molded in circular shape for formation of curls</p><p>Braids & Wigs </p><p>Cornrows narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to scalp</p><p>Invisible braid overlapping the strands of hair on top of each other</p><p>Single braids free hanging braid</p><p>Visible braid under hand techniques</p><p>Block head-shape form; used for wigs to cut, color or clean.</p><p>Hair extension hair additions that are secured to the base to add length</p><p>Toupee small wig used to cover top or crown of head</p><p>Wig artificial covering for the head</p><p>Chemical Texture Services</p><p>Ammonium thioglycolate main active ingredient in alkaline perm</p><p>Base cream oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during relaxer treatment</p><p>Base control position of the tool in relation to its base section</p><p>Base direction angle at which tool is placed</p><p>Bookend wrap perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half</p><p>Chemical hair relaxing chemical change that permanently alters the natural wave pattern</p><p>Endothermic waves perm activated by an outside heat source</p><p>End paper absorbent paper used to control the ends </p><p>Exothermic waves perm that create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the solution Lanthionization process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair; lanthionization breaks the hair’s disulfide bonds during processing and converts them to lanthionine bonds when the relaxer is rinsed from the hair</p><p>Single flat wrap perm wrap that is similar to double flat wrap but uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the strand of hair being wrapped</p><p>Spiral perms perms in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the tool; depending on the tool, the hair may be wound from the scalp towards the ends or from the ends towards the scalp</p><p>Thio relaxers relaxers that usually have a pH above 10 and a higher concentration of ammonium thioglycolate than is used in permanent waving</p><p>Weave technique wrapping technique that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas</p><p>Law of color system for understanding color relations</p><p>Level unit of measurement used to identify the lightness or darkness of a color; sometimes referred to as value or depth</p><p>Lighteners chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural hair pigment</p><p>Patch test test for identifying a possible allergy in a client, required by federal food, drug, and cosmetic act; also called predisposition test</p><p>Prelightening the first step of double-process haircoloring, used to lift of lighten the natural pigment, preliminary to the application of toner</p><p>Primary colors pure or fundamental colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture</p><p>Slicing color technique that involves taking a narrow, 1/8 inch section of hair by making a straight part at the scalp, positioning the hair over the foil, and applying lightener or color Soap cap combination of equal parts of prepared tint and shampoo applied to the hair like a regular shampoo</p><p>Temporary hair color nonpermanent color whose large pigment molecules prevent penetration of the cuticle layers, allowing only a coating action that may be removed by shampooing</p><p>Toners semipermanent, demipermanent, and permanent haircolor products that are used primarily on prelightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors</p><p>Volume the measure of the potential oxidation of varying strength of hydrogen peroxide; the higher the volume, the greater the lifting action</p><p>Weaving coloring technique in which selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a zigzag motion of the comb, and lightener or color is applied only to these strands</p><p>Acne skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions</p><p>Bromhidrosis foul smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits of on the feet</p><p>Collagen fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength</p><p>Comedone blackhead; worm like mass of hardened sebum in a hair follicle</p><p>Cyst closed, abnormally developed sac, containing fluid, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin</p><p>Dermatitis inflammatory condition of the skin</p><p>Dermis underlying or inner layer of the skin; also called the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin</p><p>Eczema inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment</p><p>Epidermis outermost layer of the skin; also called cuticle or scarf skin</p><p>Keratin fiber protein that is the principal component of hair and nails Depilatory substance, usually a caustic alkali preparation, used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin level</p><p>Electrolysis removal of hair by pulling it out of the follicle</p><p>Hirsuties or hypertrichosis growth of unusual amount of hair on parts of the body normally bearing only downy hair, such as the faces of women or the backs of men</p><p>Laser hair removal permanent hair removal treatment in which a laser beam is pulsed on the skin, impairing the hair follicles</p><p>Threading temporary hair removal method that involves twisting and rolling cotton thread along the surfaces of the skin, entwining the hair in the thread and lifting if from the follicle</p><p>Ampules sealed glass vials containing highly concentrated extract in a water or oil base</p><p>Clay masks clay preparations used to stimulate circulation and temporarily contract the pores of the skin</p><p>Cleansing cream light-textured, oil-based emulsion used primarily to dissolve makeup and soil quickly</p><p>Cleansing lotion lotion formulated to remove makeup and soil quickly</p><p>Effleurage light, continuous stroking movement applied with the fingers or the palms in a slow, rhythmic manner</p><p>Face wash detergent-type foaming cleanser with a neutral or slightly acidic pH</p><p>Fulling form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out; used mainly for massaging the arms</p><p>Light therapy the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of disorders</p><p>Mask special cosmetic preparation applied to the face to benefit and beautify the skin; usually a setting product Packs special cosmetic preparations applied to the face to benefit and beautify the skin; condition sensitive skin and have excellent hydrating properties</p><p>Petrissage kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing the tissue with a light, firm pressure</p><p>Tapotement most stimulating massage movement, consisting of short, quick tapping, slapping, and hacking movement</p><p>Band lashes eyelash hairs on a strip that are applied with adhesive to the natural lash line</p><p>Concealers cosmetics used to cover blemishes and discolorations; may be applied before or after foundation</p><p>Cool colors colors that suggest coolness and are dominated by blues, greens, violets, and blue-reds</p><p>Eyebrow pencils pencils used to add color and shape to the eyebrows</p><p>Eyeliner cosmetic used to outline and emphasize the eyes</p><p>Eye shadows cosmetics applied on the eyelids, eyebrows, or lash line to accentuate or contour</p><p>Eye tabbing procedure in which individual synthetic eyelashes are attracted directly to a client’s own lashes at their base</p><p>Face powder fine cosmetic powder, sometimes tinted and scented, that is used to add a matte or dull finish to the face</p><p>Foundation cosmetic, usually tinted, that is used as a base or as a protective film applied before makeup and/or powder</p><p>Greasepaint heavy makeup used for theatrical purposes</p><p>Lip liner colored pencil or brush used to outline the lips and to help keep lip color from feathering</p><p>Mascara cosmetic preparation used to darken, define, and thicken the eyelashes</p><p>Warm colors the range of colors from yellow and gold through oranges, red-oranges, most reds, and even some yellow-greens Alum aluminum salt used as a styptic in powder form or solution</p><p>Acrylic nails sculptured nails; artificial nails created by combining a liquid acrylic product with a powdered product to form a soft ball that can easily be molded into a nail shape</p><p>Acrylic overlays artificial nails that use the same acrylic material as sculptured nails but are applied directly to the natural nail surface instead of being extended</p><p>Curing hardening process that occurs when powdered and liquid acrylic are combined to form nails</p><p>Gels strong, durable artificial nails that are brushed onto the nail plate</p><p>Monomer substance made up of many small molecules that are not attracted to each other</p><p>Nail tips preformed artificial nails applied to the tips of the natural fingernails</p><p>Overlay any wrap, acrylic, or gel applied over the entire natural nail plate</p><p>Position stop point where the nail plate meets the tip before it is glued to the nail</p><p>Primer substance that improves adhesion, or attachment, and prepares the nail surface for bonding with the acrylic material</p>