<p> BIOLOGY 392 Section 2-2 WATER! The greatest solvent on Earth I. Properties of Water  Phases: Solid, Liquid, Gas  Polarity  Hydrogen bonds o Adhesion o Cohesion  Making Mixtures o Solutions o Suspensions  Making Acids and Bases</p><p>A. Water Density 1. Ice is ______2. When water freezes ______frozen ice making the cube larger and less dense 3. Benefits: a. Fish and plant life can survive in liquid layers of water under ice </p><p>4. PHASE CHANGES: a. ______b. gas, liquid, solid</p><p>B. Polarity 1. Water is polar 2. the compound is ______a. Hydrogen becomes </p><p> b. Oxygen becomes </p><p>3. Hydrogen Bonding a. Due to polarity, ______</p><p> b. Slightly ______oxygen attracts slightly ______hydrogen from another i. COHESION</p><p> ii. ADHESION </p><p>C. Mixtures 1. The greatest solvent on Earth! 2. Water’s polarity allows it to </p><p>3. Definition  4. Types of Mixtures</p><p> a. SOLUTIONS  </p><p> i. Distributes evenly ii. “Like dissolves Like” iii. Ex: b. SUSPENSIONS  </p><p> i. Example: </p><p>RECAP 1. Why does ice float on a lake?</p><p>2. Explain the polarity of water – how are the charges distributed?</p><p>3. What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?</p><p>4. Explain the difference between a solution and a suspension</p><p>D. Water Dissociation 1. Water can break apart on its own into 2 charged ions a.</p><p>II. ACIDS & BASES 1. Water can react to form individual ions: 2. In pure water this occurs naturally </p><p>3. H+ is always ______OH- so water remains ______</p><p>A. pH scale: “the power of Hydrogen”</p><p>1. Some solutions made with water become acidic or basic. 2. This is determined by ______3. pH = - log [H+] a. Example: [H+] = 1 x 10 -5 à pH = 5 (acid) = [H+] = 1 x 10 -9 à pH = 9 (base) = B. Acids 1 pH range ______2 Definition:______3 H+ ions ____ OH- ions 4 The closer ______the more acidic the solution 5 Examples: ______</p><p>C. Bases (Alkaline) 1. pH ranges ______2. Definition  ______3. OH- ions ______H+ ions 4. The closer ______the more basic the solution 5. Examples: ______</p><p>D. pH and Living Things 1. pH values in living cells ______a. Optimal pH for chemical reactions to take place in the body b. Any switch in pH could cause serious/fatal problems E. Buffers 1. Definition  ______2. Function  ______3. There are natural buffers in your blood that keep the pH ______</p><p>RECAP 1. What makes a solution acidic or basic?</p><p>2. How is acidity measured?</p><p>3. A solution with pH 8.5 is considered….</p>