<p>Topic World Longitude Latitude Creates a grid for finding Absolute Location (The exact spot on the Earth’s surface) Long. Longitude: Vertical lines that measure East and West. All the lines intersect at the North and South poles. They are also known as Meridian Lines. There are 360° (180° East & 180° West) Prime Meridian: 0° Longitude</p><p>Lat. Latitude: Horizontal lines that measure North and South. All the lines parallel. There are 180° (90° North & 90° South) Equator: 0° Latitude center of Earth Parts of Maps 1. Title 2. Compass Rose a. N. S. E. W.-Cardinal Direction: only one of each b. NE. NW.SE.SW-Intermediate Directions: Infinite number DIAGRAM 3. Legend: Information about the map 4. Scale: Measures distance on the map. 5. Grid System: Finds absolute location and/or relative location (Where something is in relation to something else ie. El Paso is in West Texas, Texas is in the Southwest of the US.)</p><p>Types of Maps Winkel Tripel Projection: Shows size and shape, but distorts pole areas, and all lines are curved.</p><p>Robinson Projection: Eastern and Western parts of the map accurate, continents shapes are similar to actual continents. The poles are distorted. Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection: Size and shape are accurate, but distances are distorted.</p><p>Mercator Projection: Most common used. Greenland and Antarctica are greatly distorted. Extremely accurate for measuring. Long.(Meridian) & Lat. Lines are straight.</p><p>Special Maps</p><p>Physical Maps: Shows physical features on the Earth’s surface ie. Mountains, rivers, lakes, plains, forests…</p><p>Political Maps: Used to show countries. Also used to show smaller entities such as states, counties, cities, towns…</p><p>Special-Purpose Maps: 1. Population Density Map 2. Economic Map: Shows how an area makes its money. Can be agricultural Graphs, Charts, or industrial and Diagrams 3. Vegetation Map 4. Elevation/Topography Map: Shows elevation above sea level, and depths of oceans.</p><p>Graphs: Visually present information. 1. Line Graph: Shows changes in two variables, usually one is time. 2. Bar Graph: Used to compare differences. 3. Circle/Pie Graphs: Shows percentages of the whole. Hemispheres Charts & Tables: Used to arrange information.</p><p>Diagrams: Shows how to do something</p><p>Small Scales Maps Northern and Southern Hemispheres are divided at the Equator @ 0°. Eastern and Western Hemispheres are divided at the Prime Meridian @ 0° and 180°</p><p>Usually cities, counties, towns all usually use Numbers and Letters to create a grid system. Only gives relative location.</p><p>The End </p>