<p> Child Development Chapter 6 Review</p><p>1. During Piaget’s ______stage, which spans the first 2 years of life, infants and toddlers “think” with their eyes, ears and hands.</p><p>2. According to Piaget, specific psychological structures, or organized ways of making sense of experience called ______, change with age.</p><p>3. Match the following terms with the appropriate description.</p><p>_____ Creating new schemes or adjusting to old 1. Adaptation ones to better fit with the environment 2. Accomodation _____ Time when children are not changing much 3. Assimilation in terms of their cognitive development, 4. Equilibrium a steady, comfortable condition 5. Disequilibrium _____ Time of rapid cognitive change, a period of cognitive discomfort _____ Using current schemes to interpret the external world _____ Building schemes through direct interaction with the environment</p><p>4. What is a circular reaction? Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary circular reactions. Circular reaction: ______Primary: ______Secondary: ______Tertiary: ______</p><p>5. Match each of the following sensorimotor substages with the appropriate description.</p><p>_____ Infants’ primary means of adapting to the 1. Substage 1 environment is through reflexes 2. Substage 2 _____ Infants engage in goal-directed behavior and 3. Substage 3 begin to attain object permanence 4. Substage 4 _____ Toddlers repeat behaviors with variation, 5. Substage 5 producing new effects 6. Substage 6 _____ Infants’ adaptations are oriented toward their own bodies _____ Toddlers gain the ability to create mental Representations _____ Infants act to repeat interesting Effects in the surrounding world 6. When infants coordinate schemes deliberately to solve simple problems, what do we call this? ______</p><p>7. ______are internal depictions of information that the mind can manipulate.</p><p>8. The understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight is called ______.</p><p>9. Describe the three basic parts of mental system according to the information- processing approach. Sensory Register: ______Working, or short-term, Memory: ______Long-term Memory: ______</p><p>10. True or False: Information-processing researchers believe that the basic structure of the mental system is similar throughout life.</p><p>11. ______, the simplest form of memory, involves a simple indication as to whether a new experience is identical or similar to a previous one. ______, on the other hand, is much more challenging because it involves remembering something in the absence of perceptual support.</p><p>12. What is infantile amnesia?</p><p>13. The earliest categories are ______, or based on similar overall appearance or prominent object part. By the end of the first year, more categories are ______, or based on common function and behavior. – LOOK AT THE LAST PARAGRAPH ON THE PAGE TO FIND THIS</p><p>14. According to Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, complex mental activities have their origins in ______. Through joint activities with (less/more) mature members of their society, children come to master activities and think in ways that have meaning in their culture.</p><p>15. Explain Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development. ______</p><p>16. Explain the difference between and intelligence quotient (IQ) and a developmental quotient (DQ). IQ: ______DQ: ______17. True or False: Scores on infant intelligence tests are excellent predictors of later intelligence. Why or why not? ______</p><p>18. For what purpose are infant intelligence scores largely used? ______</p><p>19. What is developmentally appropriate practice? What are some of the characteristics and signs?</p><p>20. On average, children say their first word at ______months of age.</p><p>21. Around 2 months, babies begin to make vowel-like noises called ______. Around 6 months, ______appears, in which infants repeat consonant-vowel combinations in long strings.</p><p>22. What is joint attention? How does it help with language development?</p><p>23. True or False: Turn-taking games such as pat-a-cake and peekaboo contribute to infants’ acquisition of language skills.</p><p>24. When young children learn new words, they tend to make two types of errors. List and provide an example of each type of error. A. ______B. ______</p><p>25. What is the difference between production and comprehension of speech? </p><p>26. At all ages, (production/comprehension) is ahead of (production/comprehension).</p><p>27. What are baby signs? Why might they be useful when communicating with infants? (note: you will need to use information from lecture and/or other sources to answer)</p><p>28. What is telegraphic speech? Provide an example. ______29. Describe the characteristics of infant-directed speech (IDS), noting how it promotes language development. ______</p><p> note: IDS is sometimes referred to as child-directed speech (CDS)</p>