<p>Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering</p><p>Unit II Genetic Mutation and Genetic Engineering</p><p>BI. 4c Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the expression of the gene, or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein.</p><p>BI.4.d Students know specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to different patterns of gene expression rather than to differences of the genes themselves.</p><p>BI 5c Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products.</p><p>What will I be able to learn?</p><p>BI.4.d. Specialization of cells are due to different patterns of gene expression</p><p>1. What kind of information does DNA have?</p><p>DNA contains the ______code that controls cell______.</p><p>2. How does it transmit the code to cells?</p><p>Protein synthesis</p><p> a. Transcription: ______to ______.</p><p> b. ______: mRNA to protein.</p><p>3. What does one gene for one organism mean?</p><p>______types of cells in a person’s body have the ______exact DNA.</p><p>4. What is genetic expression? Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering</p><p>Some genes are translated into proteins when cells need those proteins to function. </p><p>Nerve and liver cells from the same person contain the same DNA but look and function differently because ______cells will only express nerve genes which will produce_____ proteins; while liver cells will only express ______genes which will produce liver proteins that have their specialized liver functions.</p><p>BI.4C Genetic Mutation</p><p>1. What is genetic mutation?</p><p>2. Types of Mutation:</p><p>A. Point mutation: single nitrogen base change</p><p> a. Silent mutation: the nitrogen base change doesn’t change the amino acid produced due to the fact that there are a couple of codes that code for the same amino acid</p><p> b. Nonsense mutation: the codon becomes a STOP codon, this interferes with normal protein function.</p><p> c. Missense mutation:______, most common type of mutation. Example: Sickle Cell anemia</p><p>Watch the short video clip and answer the following:</p><p>1. What is sickle cell anemia? Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering</p><p>2. What are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?</p><p>Look at the slide: Explain why sickle cell anemia is a missense mutation?</p><p>B. Frameshift mutation: a deletion or insertion of nitrogenous bases causes the entire gene to be read differently, it shifts the reading frame.</p><p> a. Insertion mutation:______</p><p> b. Deletion mutation:______</p><p>Example: Cystic Fibrosis</p><p>1. What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?</p><p>2. What causes cystic fibrosis?</p><p>3.Can genetic mutations be transferred to children/offspring?</p><p>YES GAMETES ( Sex cells) Hemophilia ( blood clotting disease) Sperm and egg NO </p><p>Bi 5c Genetic Engineering</p><p>1. What is genetic engineering? </p><p>Human beings manipulate or change genes for different human purposes.</p><p>2. What for?</p><p> a. Gene therapy</p><p> b. Creating medicine Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering</p><p> c. Creating better plants-> drought resistance, herbicide/pesticide resistant, better nutrition</p><p> d. Better livestock</p><p> e. Saving the environmentclean up waste</p><p> f. Creating products (business)</p><p>What do you think are the potential risks of genetic engineering?</p><p>3. What is the technology behind genetic engineering?</p><p>STEPS:</p><p>1. Choose ______.</p><p>2. Cut ______using______.</p><p>3. Paste______using______. Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering</p>