Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering
Unit II Genetic Mutation and Genetic Engineering
BI. 4c Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the expression of the gene, or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein.
BI.4.d Students know specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to different patterns of gene expression rather than to differences of the genes themselves.
BI 5c Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products.
What will I be able to learn?
BI.4.d. Specialization of cells are due to different patterns of gene expression
1. What kind of information does DNA have?
DNA contains the ______code that controls cell______.
2. How does it transmit the code to cells?
Protein synthesis
a. Transcription: ______to ______.
b. ______: mRNA to protein.
3. What does one gene for one organism mean?
______types of cells in a person’s body have the ______exact DNA.
4. What is genetic expression? Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering
Some genes are translated into proteins when cells need those proteins to function.
Nerve and liver cells from the same person contain the same DNA but look and function differently because ______cells will only express nerve genes which will produce_____ proteins; while liver cells will only express ______genes which will produce liver proteins that have their specialized liver functions.
BI.4C Genetic Mutation
1. What is genetic mutation?
2. Types of Mutation:
A. Point mutation: single nitrogen base change
a. Silent mutation: the nitrogen base change doesn’t change the amino acid produced due to the fact that there are a couple of codes that code for the same amino acid
b. Nonsense mutation: the codon becomes a STOP codon, this interferes with normal protein function.
c. Missense mutation:______, most common type of mutation. Example: Sickle Cell anemia
Watch the short video clip and answer the following:
1. What is sickle cell anemia? Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering
2. What are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?
Look at the slide: Explain why sickle cell anemia is a missense mutation?
B. Frameshift mutation: a deletion or insertion of nitrogenous bases causes the entire gene to be read differently, it shifts the reading frame.
a. Insertion mutation:______
b. Deletion mutation:______
Example: Cystic Fibrosis
1. What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
2. What causes cystic fibrosis?
3.Can genetic mutations be transferred to children/offspring?
YES GAMETES ( Sex cells) Hemophilia ( blood clotting disease) Sperm and egg NO
Bi 5c Genetic Engineering
1. What is genetic engineering?
Human beings manipulate or change genes for different human purposes.
2. What for?
a. Gene therapy
b. Creating medicine Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering
c. Creating better plants-> drought resistance, herbicide/pesticide resistant, better nutrition
d. Better livestock
e. Saving the environmentclean up waste
f. Creating products (business)
What do you think are the potential risks of genetic engineering?
3. What is the technology behind genetic engineering?
STEPS:
1. Choose ______.
2. Cut ______using______.
3. Paste______using______. Guided Notes_Genetic mutation and genetic engineering