<p> March 2, 2009 Dear Students,</p><p>We will have English classes together. Therefore, we need some materials to improve our English in the scope of health. </p><p>During our study we will learn a number of words and skim a lot of passages concerning your department. In the photocopy center there will be two pieces of handouts for each class: one for the reading and one for the vocabulary study. Here are an example of the vocabulary study and reading passage that we will deal with in the classroom. </p><p>If you have further questions regarding my classes, please do not hesitate to ask or write to me.</p><p>Neslihan Önder English Instructor [email protected]</p><p>PASSAGE 1 (The passage is concerning “LIFE EXPECTANCY”)</p><p>1- life expectancy(n): 1. the length of time that a person or animal is expected to live 2. the length of time that something is expected to continue to work, be useful etc </p><p>-Last week I decided to start running again, figuring maybe I could tack on a few hours to my life expectancy. -CDs have a life expectancy of at least 20 years.</p><p>2- provide(v): 1. to give something to someone or make it available to them, because they need it or want it. provide something for somebody -The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests. provide somebody with something The project is designed to provide young people with work. *providing (conjunction) also providing that used to say that something will only be possible if something else happens or is done synonym: provided -You can borrow the car, providing I can have it back by six o'clock.</p><p>3- cut down (phrasal verb) (REDUCE): to reduce the amount of something -By getting the design right, you can cut down on accidents. 2. EAT/USE LESS to eat, drink, or use less of something, especially in order to improve your health cut down on -Cut down on fatty foods and alcohol if you want to lose weight.</p><p>4- once (conjunction): from the time when something happens -Once I get him a job, he'll be fine. Once in bed, the children usually stay there. </p><p>1 5-crack(v): to break or to make something break, either so that it gets lines on its surface, or so that it breaks into pieces - Don't put boiling water in the glass or it will crack.</p><p>(6) (SOLVE/UNDERSTAND) to find the answer to a problem or manage to understand something that is difficult to understand synonym: solve -I think we've cracked the problem of the computer crashing all the time. -It took them nearly two months to crack the code. -This new evidence could help detectives to crack the case.</p><p>5- responsible (adj): 1. if someone is responsible for an accident, mistake, crime etc, it is their fault or they can be blamed responsible for -Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area. 2. (IN CHARGE OF) having a duty to be in charge of or to look after someone or something responsible for -Mills is responsible for a budget of over $5 million.</p><p>6- crucial (adj): something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it crucial to -This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies. crucial in/to doing something -The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity. play a crucial role/part in something -The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance.</p><p>7- eradicate(v): to completely get rid of something such as a disease or a social problem eradicate something from something -We can eradicate this disease from the world. -an attempt to eradicate inflation -This problem has now been completely eradicated.</p><p>PASSAGE 2 (The passage is concerning “OBESITY”)</p><p>1. epidemic(adj): 1. a large number of cases of a disease that happen at the same time ￚOver 500 people died during last year's flu epidemic. -AIDS has become an epidemic in some countries. epidemic of -an epidemic of cholera</p><p>2. spread(v): (AFFECT MORE PEOPLE/PLACES) [intransitive and transitive] if something spreads or is spread, it becomes larger or moves so that it affects more people or a larger area -The disease spread rapidly amongst the poor.</p><p>3. lack(n): when there is not enough of something, or none of it synonym: shortage</p><p>2 lack of -new parents suffering from lack of sleep -Too many teachers are treated with a lack of respect. -comments based on a total lack of information -Does their apparent lack of progress mean they are not doing their job properly?</p><p>4. lack(v) to not have something that you need, or not have enough of it -Alex's real problem is that he lacks confidence.</p><p>5. culprit(n): 1. the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong ￚPolice finally managed to catch the culprit. 2. informal the reason for a particular problem or difficulty -High production costs are the main culprit. -Plaque is the culprit that causes tooth decay.</p><p>6. prevalent(adj): common at a particular time, in a particular place, or among a particular group of people prevalent in/among etc </p><p>-Depression remains one of the most prevalent health disorders in the US. -Drug abuse is the most prevalent problem among patients in the hospital.</p><p>7. figure(n): a number representing an amount, especially an official number unemployment/sales/trade figures -Inflation in Japan is around 3%, while the German figure is now over 4%.</p><p>8. prevent(v): to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something -The rules are intended to prevent accidents. -To prevent injuries you should always stretch before exercising.</p><p>9. occurrence(n): something that happens frequent/rare/common occurrence -Laughter was a rare occurrence in his classroom.</p><p>10. widespread(adj): existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people -the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture widespread support/acceptance/criticism/condemnation etc</p><p>11. unsanitary(adj): dirty and likely to cause disease synonym: insanitary -unsanitary conditions -There were unsanitary conditions, lack of food and water, and insufficient cage space.</p><p>12. consider(v): to think about something carefully, especially before making a choice or decision consider doing something -I seriously considered resigning (=almost actually resigned).</p><p>13. engage(v): to be doing or to become involved in an activity engage in/on/upon -Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise.</p><p>3 14. improve(v): to make something better, or to become better -a course for students wishing to improve their English -The doctors say she is improving (=after being ill) . -You could use the money for improving your home. -Many wines improve with age (=get better as they get older).</p><p>15. suffer(v): 1. (PAIN): to experience physical or mental pain At least he died suddenly and didn't suffer. She's suffering a lot of pain. suffer from I'm suffering from a bad back. Mary's suffering from ill health at the moment. 2. BAD EXPERIENCE/SITUATION if someone suffers an unpleasant or difficult experience, or is in a difficult situation, it happens to them or they experience it suffer from -London employers were suffering from a desperate shortage of school-leavers. -Most of us have suffered the consequences of stupid decisions taken by others. -In June 1667, England suffered a humiliating defeat by the Dutch. suffer loss/damage/injury -They are unlikely to suffer much loss of business after 2001. -He suffered head injuries in the crash. -A man who suffered serious brain damage during an operation is suing the hospital.</p><p>16. malnutrition(n): [uncountable] when someone becomes ill or weak because they have not eaten enough good food -Many of the children showed signs of malnutrition.</p><p>17. typhoid(n): also typhoid fever [uncountable] : a serious infectious disease that is caused by dirty food or drink -a sudden outbreak of typhoid</p><p>18. infer(v): to form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have infer something from something -A lot can be inferred from these statistics. infer that -From the evidence we can infer that the victim knew her killer.</p><p>Have a nice day</p><p>4</p>