If You Have Further Questions Regarding My Classes, Please Do Not Hesitate to Ask Or Write

March 2, 2009 Dear Students,

We will have English classes together. Therefore, we need some materials to improve our English in the scope of health.

During our study we will learn a number of words and skim a lot of passages concerning your department. In the photocopy center there will be two pieces of handouts for each class: one for the reading and one for the vocabulary study. Here are an example of the vocabulary study and reading passage that we will deal with in the classroom.

If you have further questions regarding my classes, please do not hesitate to ask or write to me.

Neslihan Önder English Instructor [email protected]

PASSAGE 1 (The passage is concerning “LIFE EXPECTANCY”)

1- life expectancy(n): 1. the length of time that a person or animal is expected to live 2. the length of time that something is expected to continue to work, be useful etc

-Last week I decided to start running again, figuring maybe I could tack on a few hours to my life expectancy. -CDs have a life expectancy of at least 20 years.

2- provide(v): 1. to give something to someone or make it available to them, because they need it or want it. provide something for somebody -The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests. provide somebody with something The project is designed to provide young people with work. *providing (conjunction) also providing that used to say that something will only be possible if something else happens or is done synonym: provided -You can borrow the car, providing I can have it back by six o'clock.

3- cut down (phrasal verb) (REDUCE): to reduce the amount of something -By getting the design right, you can cut down on accidents. 2. EAT/USE LESS to eat, drink, or use less of something, especially in order to improve your health cut down on -Cut down on fatty foods and alcohol if you want to lose weight.

4- once (conjunction): from the time when something happens -Once I get him a job, he'll be fine. Once in bed, the children usually stay there.

1 5-crack(v): to break or to make something break, either so that it gets lines on its surface, or so that it breaks into pieces - Don't put boiling water in the glass or it will crack.

(6) (SOLVE/UNDERSTAND) to find the answer to a problem or manage to understand something that is difficult to understand synonym: solve -I think we've cracked the problem of the computer crashing all the time. -It took them nearly two months to crack the code. -This new evidence could help detectives to crack the case.

5- responsible (adj): 1. if someone is responsible for an accident, mistake, crime etc, it is their fault or they can be blamed responsible for -Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area. 2. (IN CHARGE OF) having a duty to be in charge of or to look after someone or something responsible for -Mills is responsible for a budget of over $5 million.

6- crucial (adj): something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it crucial to -This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies. crucial in/to doing something -The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity. play a crucial role/part in something -The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance.

7- eradicate(v): to completely get rid of something such as a disease or a social problem eradicate something from something -We can eradicate this disease from the world. -an attempt to eradicate inflation -This problem has now been completely eradicated.

PASSAGE 2 (The passage is concerning “OBESITY”)

1. epidemic(adj): 1. a large number of cases of a disease that happen at the same time ￚOver 500 people died during last year's flu epidemic. -AIDS has become an epidemic in some countries. epidemic of -an epidemic of cholera

2. spread(v): (AFFECT MORE PEOPLE/PLACES) [intransitive and transitive] if something spreads or is spread, it becomes larger or moves so that it affects more people or a larger area -The disease spread rapidly amongst the poor.

3. lack(n): when there is not enough of something, or none of it synonym: shortage

2 lack of -new parents suffering from lack of sleep -Too many teachers are treated with a lack of respect. -comments based on a total lack of information -Does their apparent lack of progress mean they are not doing their job properly?

4. lack(v) to not have something that you need, or not have enough of it -Alex's real problem is that he lacks confidence.

5. culprit(n): 1. the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong ￚPolice finally managed to catch the culprit. 2. informal the reason for a particular problem or difficulty -High production costs are the main culprit. -Plaque is the culprit that causes tooth decay.

6. prevalent(adj): common at a particular time, in a particular place, or among a particular group of people prevalent in/among etc

-Depression remains one of the most prevalent health disorders in the US. -Drug abuse is the most prevalent problem among patients in the hospital.

7. figure(n): a number representing an amount, especially an official number unemployment/sales/trade figures -Inflation in Japan is around 3%, while the German figure is now over 4%.

8. prevent(v): to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something -The rules are intended to prevent accidents. -To prevent injuries you should always stretch before exercising.

9. occurrence(n): something that happens frequent/rare/common occurrence -Laughter was a rare occurrence in his classroom.

10. widespread(adj): existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people -the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture widespread support/acceptance/criticism/condemnation etc

11. unsanitary(adj): dirty and likely to cause disease synonym: insanitary -unsanitary conditions -There were unsanitary conditions, lack of food and water, and insufficient cage space.

12. consider(v): to think about something carefully, especially before making a choice or decision consider doing something -I seriously considered resigning (=almost actually resigned).

13. engage(v): to be doing or to become involved in an activity engage in/on/upon -Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise.

3 14. improve(v): to make something better, or to become better -a course for students wishing to improve their English -The doctors say she is improving (=after being ill) . -You could use the money for improving your home. -Many wines improve with age (=get better as they get older).

15. suffer(v): 1. (PAIN): to experience physical or mental pain At least he died suddenly and didn't suffer. She's suffering a lot of pain. suffer from I'm suffering from a bad back. Mary's suffering from ill health at the moment. 2. BAD EXPERIENCE/SITUATION if someone suffers an unpleasant or difficult experience, or is in a difficult situation, it happens to them or they experience it suffer from -London employers were suffering from a desperate shortage of school-leavers. -Most of us have suffered the consequences of stupid decisions taken by others. -In June 1667, England suffered a humiliating defeat by the Dutch. suffer loss/damage/injury -They are unlikely to suffer much loss of business after 2001. -He suffered head injuries in the crash. -A man who suffered serious brain damage during an operation is suing the hospital.

16. malnutrition(n): [uncountable] when someone becomes ill or weak because they have not eaten enough good food -Many of the children showed signs of malnutrition.

17. typhoid(n): also typhoid fever [uncountable] : a serious infectious disease that is caused by dirty food or drink -a sudden outbreak of typhoid

18. infer(v): to form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have infer something from something -A lot can be inferred from these statistics. infer that -From the evidence we can infer that the victim knew her killer.

Have a nice day