<p>Electronic Appendix. Inclusive list of all birds observed in cacao farms and forest fragments of Bocas del Toro, Panama during point counts and extra observations. </p><p>Scientific Name Common Name No. obs. No. obs. Status3 Guild4 Cacao1 Forest2 Tinamus major Great Tinamou 3 R Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou 1 1* R Ortalis cinereiceps Gray-headed Chachalaca 1 5 R C/F Odontophorus melanotis Black-eared Wood-Quail 1* R Tigrisoma lineatum Rufescent Tiger-Heron 1* R Ardea alba Great Egret 1* R Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron 1* R Bulbulcus ibis Cattle Egret 1* R Butorides striata Green-backed Heron 1* R Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned Night-Heron 1* R Coragyps atratus Black Vulture 2 1 R Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture 1* R, M Sarcoramphus papa King Vulture 1* 1* R Leptodon cayanensis Gray-headed Kite 2 R Chondrohierax uncinatus Hook-billed Kite 1* R Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite 1* R Harpagus bidentatus Double-toothed Kite 2 1 R Ictinia plumbea Plumbeous Kite 1* R Leucopternis semiplumbeus Semiplumbeous Hawk 1* R Leucopternis albicollis White Hawk 1* R Buteogallus anthracinus Common Black-Hawk 1* R Buteo magnirostris Roadside Hawk 3 R U/I Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk 1* M Spizaetus tyrannus Black Hawk-Eagle 1* R Micrastur semitorquatus Collared Forest-Falcon 1* 1* R Herpetotheres cachinnans Laughing Falcon 1* 1 R Falco rufigularis Bat Falcon 1* R Laterallus albiguralis White-throated Crake 2 R C/FI Aramides cajanea Gray-necked Wood-Rail 1* R Porphyrio martinica Purple Gallinule 1* R Jacana spinosa Northern Jacana 1* R Actitis macularus Spotted Sandpiper 1* M Pataegioenas cayennensis Pale-vented Pigeon 8 1* R C/F Pataegioenas speciosa Scaled Pigeon 3 1* R C/F Patagioenas flavirostris Red-billed Pigeon 1* 1 R C/F Patagioenas nigrirostris Short-billed Pigeon 4 10 R C/FI Columbina passerina Common Ground-Dove 1* R Columbina talpacoti Ruddy Ground-Dove 1* R</p><p>1 Claravis pretiosa Blue Ground-Dove 2 R U/F Leptotila cassini Gray-chested Dove 2 3 R U/F Geotrygon veraguensis Olive-backed Quail-Dove 1* R Aratinga finschi Crimson-fronted Parakeet 14 8 R C/F Aratinga nana Olive-throated Parakeet 1* 2 R C/F Pionopsitta haematotis Brown-hooded Parrot 1* 1* R Pionus menstruus Blue-headed Parrot 19 10 R C/F Pionus senilis White-crowned Parrot 26 18 R C/F Amazona autumnalis Red-lored Parrot 4 R C/F Amazona farinosa Mealy Parrot 1* 8 R C/F Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1* M Piaya cayana Squirrel Cuckoo 1 1 R C/I Tapera naevia Striped Cuckoo 1* R Crotophagus sulcirostris Groove-billed Ani 1* R Ciccaba nigrolineata Black-and-white Owl 2 R Nyctidromus albicollis Common Pauraque 1* R Nyctibius grandis Great Potoo 1* R Streptoprocne zonaris White-collared Swift 1* R Chaetura cinereiventris Gray-rumped Swift 1 R Glaucis aeneus Bronzy Hermit 9 3 R U/IN Threnetes ruckeri Band-tailed Barbthroat 2 2 R U/IN Phaethornis guy Green Hermit 2 R U/IN Phaethornis superciliosus Long-tailed Hermit 13 54 R U/IN Phaethornis longuemareus Little Hermit 19 39 R U/IN Florisuga mellivora White-necked Jacobin 9 2 R C/IN Anthracothorax prevostii Green-breasted Mango 1 R Lophornis helenae Black-crested Coquette 3 R C/IN Thalurania colombica Violet-crowned Woodnymph 3 R U/IN Amazilia amabilis Blue-chested Hummingbird 23 4 R U/IN Amazilia tzacatl Rufous-tailed Hummingbird 94 R U/IN Chalybura urochrysia Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer 3 10 R U/IN Lampornis calolaemus Purple-throated Mountain-gem 1 R C/IN Heliothryx barroti Purple-crowned Fairy 2 R C/IN Heliomaster longirostris Long-billed Starthroat 1* R Trogon violaceus Violaceous Trogon 5 3 R C/FI Trogon rufus Black-throated Trogon 4 R U/FI Trogon massena Slaty-tailed Trogon 1* 8 R C/FI Baryphthengus martii Rufous Motmot 3 R U/O Electron platyrhynchum Broad-billed Motmot 1 R U/O Chloroceryle amazona Amazon Kingfisher 1* R Chloroceryle aenea American Pygmy Kingfisher 1* R Notharchus macrorhynchos White-necked Puffbird 2 2 R C/I Notharchus tectus Pied Puffbird 2 1* R C/I Malacoptila panamensis White-whiskered Puffbird 1* R Aulacorhynchus prasinus Emerald Toucanet 1* R Pteroglossus torquatus Collared Aracari 15 18 R C/O Ramphastos sulfuratus Keel-billed Toucan 17 56 R C/O</p><p>2 Ramphastos swainsonii Chestnut-mandibled Toucan 9 R C/O Melanerpes pucherani Black-cheeked Woodpecker 15 2 R T/FI Piculus simplex Rufous-winged Woodpecker 1 R T/I Celeus loricatus Cinnamon Woodpecker 3 3 R T/I Celeus castaneus Chesnut-colored Woodpecker 1 R T/I Dryocopus lineatus Lineated Woodpecker 1* 1 R T/I Campephilus guatemalensis Pale-billed Woodpecker 3 7 R T/I Synallaxis brachyura Slaty Spinetail 2 R C/I Automolus ochrolaemus Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner 1* 4 R U/I Xenops minutus Plain Xenops 3 8 R U/I Dendrocincla fuliginosa Plain-brown Woodcreeper 1 2 R T/I Dendrocincla homochroa Ruddy Woodcreeper 1 R T/I Glyphorhynchus spirurus Wedge-billed Woodcreeper 7 27 R T/I Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae Northern-Barred Woodcreeper 1* 3 R T/I Xiphorhynchus susurrans Cocoa Woodcreeper 8 4 R T/I Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus Black-striped Woodcreeper 4 R T/I Lepidocolaptes souleyetii Streak-headed Woodcreeper 21 5 R T/I Cymbilaimus lineatus Fasciated Antshrike 1 R Taraba major Great Antshrike 1* R Thamnophilus atrinucha Western Slaty Antshrike 68 R U/I Dysithamnus mentalis Plain Antvireo 1* R Dysithamnus puncticeps Spot-crowned Antvireo 11 R U/I Myrmotherula fulviventris Checker-throated Antwren 10 R U/I Myrmotherula axillaris White-flanked Antwren 9 R U/I Microrhopias quixensis Dot-winged Antwren 62 R U/I Cercomacra tyrannina Dusky Antbird 1 4 R U/I Myrmeciza exsul Chestnut-backed Antbird 2 68 R U/I Myrmeciza laemosticta Dull-mantled Antbird 1* R Gymnopithys leucaspis Bicolored Antbird 1 R U/I Formicarius analis Black-faced Antthrush 7 R U/I Formicarius nigricapillus Black-headed Antthrush 4 R U/I Hylopezus perspicillatus Streak-chested Antpitta 1 R Hylopezus dives Thicket Antpitta 1* R Ornithion semiflavum Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet 1 R C/FI Ornithion brunneicapillus Brown-capped Tyrannulet 1* 1* R Capsiempis flaveola Yellow Tyrannulet 1 R C/I Myiopagis gaimardii Forest Elaenia 1* R Elaenia flavogaster Yellow-bellied Elaenia 1 R C/FI Mionectes oleagineus Ochre-bellied Flycatcher 10 23 R U/FI Leptopogon superciliaris Slaty-capped Flycatcher 1 R C/FI Zimmerius vilissimus Paltry Tyrannulet 49 9 R C/FI Myiornis atricapillus Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant 16 22 R C/I Oncostoma cinereigulare Northern Bentbill 4 5 R U/I Todirostrum cinereum Common Tody-Flycatcher 26 1 R U/I Todirostrum nigriceps Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher 36 4 R C/I Tolmomyias sulphurescens Yellow-olive Flycatcher 6 R C/FI Tolmomyias assimilis Yellow-margined Flycatcher 2 1 R C/FI</p><p>3 Contopus virens Eastern Wood-Pewee 1* M Contopus cinereus Tropical Pewee 5 1* R C/I Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 3 3 M U/I Colonia colonus Long-tailed Tyrant 2 R C/I Attila spadiceus Bright-rumped Attila 5 1 R U/O Rhytipterna holerythra Rufous Mourner 6 R C/FI Myiarchus tuberculifer Dusky-capped Flycatcher 20 1* R C/FI Myiarchus crinitus Great-crested Flycatcher 1* M Pitangus sulphuratus Great Kiskadee 14 1 R C/FI Megarhynchus pitangua Boat-billed Flycatcher 36 19 R C/FI Myiozetetes similis Social Flycatcher 20 1* R C/FI Myiozetetes granadensis Gray-capped Flycatcher 15 R C/FI Legatus leucophaius Piratic Flycatcher 1 M C/FI Tyrannus melancholicus Tropical Kingbird 10 R C/FI Lipaugus unirufus Rufous Piha 6 R C/FI Pachyramphus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Becard 12 R U/FI Pachyramphus polychopterus White-winged Becard 16 R C/FI Tityra semifasciata Masked Tityra 20 6 R C/FI Tityra inquisitor Black-crowned Tityra 1 1* R C/FI Carpodectes nitidus Snowy Cotinga 1* 1* R Querula purpurata Purple-throated Fruitcrow 1 24 R C/FI Manacus candei White-collared Manakin 10 4 R U/F Manacus vitellinus Golden-collared Manakin 1* 1 R U/FI Corapipo altera White-ruffed Manakin 2 R Pipra coronata Blue-crowned Manakin 3 R U/FI Pipra mentalis Red-capped Manakin 31 R U/F Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated Vireo 3 M C/I Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo 1* M Hylophilus ochraceiceps Tawny-crowned Greenlet 5 R U/I Hylophilus decurtatus Lesser Greenlet 65 40 R C/FI Vireolanius pulchellus Green Shrike-Vireo 3 R C/FI Cyanocorax affinis Black-chested Jay 3 3 R U/O Cyanocorax morio Brown Jay 1 1* R Campylorhynchus zonatus Band-backed Wren 15 10 R C/I Thryothorus nigricapillus Bay Wren 2 4 R U/I Thryothorus modestus Plain Wren 4 R C/I Troglodytes aedon House Wren 3 R C/I Henicorhina leucosticta White-breasted Wood-Wren 1* 17 R U/I Microcerculus marginatus Scaly-breasted Wren 1* R luscinia Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus Song Wren 1* R Ramphocaenus melanurus Long-billed Gnatwren 3 12 R U/I Polioptila plumbea Tropical Gnatcatcher 37 17 R C/I Catharus mexicanus Black-headed Nightingale Thrush 1* R Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush 1 M U/FI Turdus grayi Clay-colored Robin 13 1* R U/FI Vermivora pinus Blue-winged Warbler 1* M</p><p>4 Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler 1* M Vermivora peregrina Tennessee Warbler 19 2 M C/O Dendroica petechia Yellow Warbler 4 M C/I Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided Warbler 52 17 M C/FI Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler 1* M Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted Warbler 1 1 M C/FI Mniotilta varia Black-and-White Warbler 2 1* M T/I Setophaga ruticilla American Redstart 1* M Protonotaria citrea Prothonotary Warbler 1* M Seiurus noveboracensis Northern Waterthrush 2 M Oporornis formosus Kentucky Warbler 1* M Oporornis philadelphia Mourning Warbler 1* M C/I Geothlypis semiflava Olive-crowned Yellowthroat 1* R Phaeothlypis fulvicauda Buff-rumped Warbler 1* R Coereba flaveola Bananaquit 61 1 R C/IN Mitrospingus cassinii Dusky-faced Tanager 2 R U/FI Chlorothraupis carmioli Olive Tanager 1* R Tachyphonus luctuosus White-shouldered Tanager 2 2 R C/FI Tachyphonus rufus White-lined Tanager 8 R C/FI Habia fuscicauda Red-throated Ant-Tanager 4 15 R U/FI Piranga rubra Summer Tanager 6 1 M C/FI Ramphocelus sanguinolentus Crimson-collared Tanager 1 R C/FI Ramphocelus passerinii Passerini’s (Scarlet-rumped) 49 1* R C/FI Tanager Thraupis episcopus Blue-gray Tanager 42 1* R C/O Thraupis palmarum Palm Tanager 37 6 R C/FI Tangara inornata Plain-colored Tanager 57 16 R C/FI Tangara florida Emerald Tanager 1 R C/FI Tangara larvata Golden-hooded Tanager 63 33 R C/FI Dacnis venusta Scarlet-thighed Dacnis 1* 1* R Dacnis cayana Blue Dacnis 6 14 R C/O Cyanerpes lucidus Shining Honeycreeper 5 R C/O Cyanerpes cyaneus Red-legged Honeycreeper 3 R C/O Volatinia jacarina Blue-black Grassquit 1 R C/O Sporophila americana Variable Seedeater 17 R Sporophila torqueola White-collared Seedeater 1 R Oryzoborus funereus Thick-billed Seed-Finch 4 R C/O Arremon aurantiirostris Orange-billed Sparrow 1 7 R U/FI Arremonops conirostris Black-striped Sparrow 9 R C/FI Saltator maximus Buff-throated Saltator 36 1* R C/O Saltator atriceps Black-headed Saltator 7 R C/O Saltator grossus Slate-colored Grosbeak 1 6 R C/O Caryothraustes poliogaster Black-faced Grosbeak 2 13 R C/O Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak 2 M C/O Cyanocompsa cyanoides Blue-black Grosbeak 4 11 R U/O Molothrus oryzivorus Giant Cowbird 1* R Icterus prosthemelas Black-cowled Oriole 5 1* R C/O</p><p>5 Icterus mesomelas Yellow-tailed Oriole 1 R Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole 14 1* M C/O Amblycercus holosericeus Yellow-billed Cacique 1 R C/I Cacicus uropygialis Scarlet-rumped Cacique 1* 49 R C/O Psarocolius wagleri Chestnut-headed Oropendula 2 38 R C/O Psarocolius montezuma Montezuma Oropendula 55 108 R C/O Euphonia luteicapilla Yellow-crowned Euphonia 18 2 R C/FI Euphonia gouldi Olive-backed Euphonia 71 70 R C/F Euphonia minuta White-vented Euphonia 30 R C/FI Chlorophonia callophrys Golden-browed Chlorophonia 2 R C/FI</p><p>1. Indicates the number of times each species was observed. They symbol “1*” refers to birds that were observed at least once in the habitat but not during the point counts. 2. See note 1. 3. Status: R = resident species, M = latitudinal migratory species. 4. Feeding guild and stratum designations used in the analyses for Figure 3. See key of Figure 3A for abbreviations. Species without a guild designation were not included in the analysis.</p><p>6</p>