<p> CHAPTER 8</p><p>88 From DNA to Proteins</p><p>KE</p><p>3 2 1 Reinforcemen to th E messes H a poi a the g Muta no those h is C poi M indu D the with A . . .</p><p> m 8.7 e a</p><p> v</p><p>Y SECT h N o n e</p><p> u</p><p> ving the n m n a H In • • en What rom</p><p> y w i e n n t A. e f m homol b n</p><p> a w</p><p> t s o t utation fect C s e dis A A ody o mutation. n m I</p><p> t ti a</p><p> trial O iddle w</p><p> mu m mutations i g v</p><p> result</p><p> u a N</p><p> ons S o f</p><p> o a u ONCEP</p><p> frameshift e e point t cleotides. f u nd u u r n c o m w s tati</p><p> n</p><p> r r upt</p><p> nction. t p o tati is o , i s me c ameshift es. a</p><p> d o</p><p> ight o chemic f mal the an</p><p> t ti m m p fs t</p><p> o go a e o</p><p> c</p><p> c</p><p> o rotein o</p><p> o</p><p> a</p><p> f nd ns, a a i</p><p> p</p><p> o</p><p> occ opies mutation?</p><p> ns n T s f repair</p><p> m u y y</p><p> a r mutation</p><p> d s</p><p> a</p><p> mutations i ranslocat i</p><p> s</p><p>Rein M a a </p><p> plice m ed</p><p> ng, mproper</p><p> to utation o gene,</p><p> e</p><p> that a point u c The f c</p><p> r U x a</p><p> a n</p><p> r f</p><p> h</p><p> hange m I</p><p> h T f y l</p><p> e p</p><p> m folding d</p><p> of t T rom s. n o m</p><p> i a ct</p><p> osure</p><p> utation,</p><p> t them.</p><p> o A atural t r a frameshift</p><p> o v s</p><p> h . e utation</p><p> must c y ite ce c e c T Mutatio mutation i r f</p><p> cur n</p><p> ausing</p><p> cur o O o</p><p> f I might not a i r is O d ect</p><p> s ws f i on a t or r</p><p> inclu n o i ain l</p><p> o t</p><p> lignment N</p><p> v l</p><p> a a a o t m i</p><p> y Muta i occ </p><p> a h</p><p> n i r</p><p> a nd a n S</p><p> is o o d , w substitution g n rcement mutagens e e.</p><p> f</p><p> f f t u g D fect s</p><p> e no </p><p> i n h h f result that the d o m u u n a e a function.</p><p> s N e at e e r mutations. t l i n c r v</p><p> n</p><p> ut h g</p><p> n f gene</p><p> g are h es, g o A third</p><p> i</p><p> g f c e anism</p><p> is m n</p><p> phen ens</p><p> e a e l a o ene gene</p><p> a</p><p> v</p><p> ct tion n</p><p> readi d sequence</p><p> ding o a s the gene es in a c es uring</p><p> n</p><p> v</p><p> nd U h</p><p> on mutation</p><p> are</p><p> ement nucleotide du m</p><p> o a o the the</p><p> o V ’</p><p>“</p><p> m to n type.</p><p> r</p><p> s n i a r the r</p><p> frame” a g Or p</p><p> n g</p><p> a e g y li a</p><p> a D a n anism lic</p><p> es f i no c gi i</p><p> y a g n g n</p><p> fect nse cause</p><p> frame</p><p> ro N o</p><p> it e</p><p> o ht c</p><p> o o a sing</p><p> e o in i r nts A</p><p> o t longer s n n tions c g n Chromosomal f might h</p><p> si r r fr</p><p> s v </p><p> c a . tire tire can er tion D poration a the</p><p>’</p><p> u o t nis n Although o o </p><p> s l i</p><p> hat</p><p> o N</p><p> r piece l g e m n m</p><p> f of chromosome v</p><p> g f</p><p> i m A c and D n resulting ed also o u t n e</p><p> a o he h t function ucleotide. i c v tati t r</p><p> h . N r s h a r t m</p><p> o cod e</p><p> hat</p><p> e</p><p> in o</p><p> n e</p><p> d A Th b de r e o</p><p> t</p><p> m</p><p>.</p><p> o v S eletion r eing c</p><p> n</p><p> o c i f</p><p> gene a</p><p> ns n</p><p> a can ells. o</p><p> un. o vironment o e It f</p><p> m for one nslocations. a r t</p><p> n y s d r a y</p><p> o a</p><p> res to o</p><p> ons c n</p><p> a </p><p> p m mutatio</p><p> y m shifted?</p><p> n wi ell h o a</p><p> nd</p><p>Ma r</p><p> r i chromosome</p><p> ha a a r o u or</p><p> n e e a p</p><p> h o d y v</p><p> tein? lts . gulation. c t t nd h remat</p><p> a h p o h f e</p><p> e n o m G al as</p><p> v a l p</p><p> at y</p><p> a r</p><p> y m s in i v en en t a rect s</p><p> ng i</p><p>. h other n e nucleotide t mechanisms o g y</p><p> c a</p><p> hat</p><p> us</p><p> s o e e</p><p> ni</p><p> o k</p><p>F no u</p><p> more c n</p><p>Gene n n me e</p><p> a or mu r a</p><p> o f amino e</p><p> h o e f i u</p><p> a can t fect</p><p> e</p><p> ca </p><p> a </p><p>F s c</p><p> mutagens e</p><p> s a copies f v tati h after e t hr</p><p> o x fect f</p><p> n o to e ybrid</p><p> q fect</p><p> r ample, d b t</p><p> p change om</p><p> u</p><p> n ma</p><p> o a uplicat re</p><p> e</p><p> anot ick</p><p> a o c</p><p> ns f</p><p> o mutation on cid a</p><p> t o fects</p><p> o p</p><p> n</p><p> r he e k</p><p> of</p><p> d to s l h with f y i</p><p> s y on. on. o n h f the </p><p> e</p><p>M</p><p> t ect.</p><p> a a m i cl e deal n a t hat n i</p><p> han r c re oty o i u e e , , Douga f Uni n d e e p t</p><p> e. 3 l</p><p>R Littel esourc l</p><p>Biology e</p><p>Book</p><p>Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company</p>