<p>Unit: Circulatory & Respiratory System (Class Notes)</p><p>Circulatory - The circulatory system consists of the , , System and .</p><p>Function - The function of the circulatory system is to: 1) Deliver and to cells 2) Carries and away from cells</p><p>Heart - Pericardium: </p><p>- Myocardium: </p><p>- Septum: </p><p>- The heart has chambers – two and two </p><p> o Atrium: top chambers that the blood o Ventricles: bottom chambers pump blood out of the heart to either the or .</p><p>- Valves: flaps of tissue between the and that prevent blood from .</p><p>Circulation 1) Pulmonary circulation: of heart pumps - through the body blood to the </p><p>2) Systemic Circulation: of heart receives - blood from the lungs and pumps it to the </p><p>Heartbeat - The cells that start the muscle contraction or “ “ for the heart, are called the .</p><p>Blood - Composition of blood: cells, plasma</p><p>- Plasma: o 90% and salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, plasma proteins . A hormone is a </p><p>. Cells that </p><p>. Two kinds of glands:  Exocrine glands release secretions through ducts directly to the organs that use them. Example: sweat, tears, digestive juices  Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream. . Examples of hormones in the blood: Gland that produces it Hormone Action Thyroid</p><p>Adrenal Medulla Fight or flight response: Increases heart rate, blood pressure & blood flow to muscles Opens airways (more O2) Stimulates release of glucose into blood to produce a sudden burst of energy</p><p>Pancreas</p><p>. Regulating Blood Glucose:</p><p>  Diabetes Mellitus: </p><p> o Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which results in little or no secretion of insulin. . Usually develops before the age of 15 o Type II diabetes is caused when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to it. . Interaction between receptor and hormone is insufficient - Cells: o Red blood cells: contain , the -containing protein that binds to in the lungs and transports it to tissues</p><p> o White blood cells: Guard against , fight , and attack . . Many types: 1) Phagocytes: </p><p>2) B Lymphocytes: </p><p>3) T Lymphocytes: </p><p> o Platelets: fragments of cells that form . Hemophilia: disorder where a defective does not allow blood to . - Treatment: inject the missing protein called “ “ </p><p>Blood Vessels - 3 Types: 1) Arteries: Large vessels that carry blood from the to the </p><p>. The brings blood from the left ventricle to the body. 2) Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels that bring and </p><p> to tissues and and other waste products. 3) Veins: carry blood back to the heart.</p><p>Pathway of 1) (biggest vein) Blood Flow 2) Right </p><p>3) Right </p><p>4) arteries</p><p>5) To the (pick up ) </p><p>6) veins</p><p>7) Left </p><p>8) Left 9) (biggest artery)</p><p>To the rest of the body</p><p>Blood Pressure - When the heart contracts, blood pumps through the body. - The force of the blood on the arteries’ walls is Red = blood rich in oxygen, . low in carbon dioxide - Normal blood pressure is Blue = blood low in oxygen, rich in carbon dioxide Respiratory System</p><p>Function - The function of the respiratory system is to exchange and between , the , and .</p><p>Mucus & Cilia - To keep your lungs healthy, entering must be , , and . o moistens air and traps particles of dust or smoke. o sweep particles and mucus to the throat. </p><p>Structures - Pharynx: passageway for both and SEE DIAGRAM - Epiglottis: flap of tissue that covers the </p><p> when you </p><p>- Trachea: also called ; tube in neck that leads to </p><p>- Larynx: contains two elastic folds of tissue called </p><p>- Bronchi: two branches off the that lead to a </p><p>- Bronchioles: smaller tubes of the that lead to the </p><p>- Alveoli: clusters of tiny , surrounded by </p><p>Gas Exchange - Gas exchange occurs in the - diffuses into the - in the blood diffuses into the Breathing - Diaphragm: large, flat muscle at the bottom of the that controls . Inhalation: diaphragm (moves ) . Exhalation: diaphragm (moves ) Respiratory System </p>