<p>Lane Tech College Prep High School Krakowski 1</p><p>LECTURE 8: Macroevolution/Species  What is Microevolution?  Evolution on a ______</p><p> Change in ______from one generation to the next  A process that leads to a change in a species</p><p> Natural ______</p><p> ______</p><p> Gene ______</p><p> Mutation  Microevolution explains how ______evolve</p><p> What is Macroevolution?  Origin of different ______</p><p> ______of species</p><p> Evolution of ______</p><p> What are the Macroevolution Processes?  Divergent Evolution:</p><p> Formation of 2 descendent species from ______</p><p> ______structures  Convergent Evolution:</p><p> 2 species acquiring same characteristics from 2 ______ancestral species  A______Structures</p><p> What is Speciation?</p><p> Origin of ______ How would scientists know if a species is “new”?</p><p> What are the two types of Speciation?  Coevolution:</p><p> A species evolves due to another ______</p><p> Predator/______relationships  Adaptive Radiation</p><p> Appearance of ______species over a short period of time</p><p> Filling open ______</p><p> o When would this happen?</p><p> What is Adaptive Radiation?</p><p> ______of new species from ______</p><p> that results in diverse species ______to different environments</p><p> What is the tempo of Speciaton? Lane Tech College Prep High School Krakowski 2</p><p> Punctuated ______</p><p> Long periods of ______</p><p> Occurs after fast/rapid changes </p><p> o ______ What is the Biological Species Concept?</p><p> Group of individuals capable of ______</p><p> Is this an accurate definition of a species?</p><p> What are other species concepts?  5 Types:</p><p> Morphological</p><p> Group of individuals ______similar characteristics</p><p> Recognition</p><p> ______recognition between individuals</p><p> Genetic</p><p> Range of ______in DNA- similar in individuals</p><p> Cladistic</p><p> Species defined as a branch in a ______</p><p> Biological</p><p> Group of individuals capable of ______</p><p> Why don’t similar species interbreed?</p><p> ______Isolation</p><p> ______Isolation</p><p> What is Geographic Isolation?</p><p> Separation of a species due to ______ Allopatric Speciation</p><p> What is Reproductive Isolation?  Sympatric Speciation</p><p> Prezygotic (before ______)</p><p> ______ Diff breeding seasons</p><p> Behavior  ______</p><p> Habitats  ______niches) Lane Tech College Prep High School Krakowski 3</p><p> Mechanical  ______structures</p><p> Gametic  ______ Postzygotic (______fertilization)</p><p> Reduced Hybrid Viability  Abort embryonic______ Reduced Hybrid Fertility  Cannot ______</p><p> o What are the Modes of Speciation?</p><p> o Two general modes of speciation are distinguished by the way gene flow among populations is initially interrupted . Allopatric speciation  ______separation of populations restricts ______. Sympatric speciation  speciation occurs in geographically overlapping populations when biological factors, such as chromosomal changes and nonrandom mating, reduce gene flow o What is Allopatric Speciation?</p><p> o Geological processes can fragment a population into two or more ______. Mountain ranges, glaciers, land bridges, or splintering of lakes may divide one population into isolated groups.</p><p> o Some individuals may ______a new, geographically remote area and become isolated from the parent population . For example, mainland organisms that colonized the Galápagos Islands were isolated from mainland populations.</p><p> o Once geographic separation is established, the separated gene pools may begin to diverge through a number of mechanisms . ______</p><p>. ______favors different traits in the two populations</p><p>. Different ______pressures in differing environments act on the two populations.</p><p>. ______alters allele frequencies.</p><p> o What is Sympatric Speciation?</p><p> o New species arise within the range of the parent populations</p><p>. ______barriers must evolve between sympatric populations  In plants, sympatric speciation can result from accidents during cell division that result in extra sets of chromosomes, a mutant condition known as ______ In animals, it may result from gene-based shifts ______</p>