<p> The Big Six: Trimester 2</p><p>1a. How does an historical understanding of others help you better understand your current situation? 1b. Do values impact society, or does society impact values?</p><p>2a. How does economic growth or decline impact families, societies, and nations? 2b. What would cause people to want a revolution?</p><p>3a. Why do different civilizations have different types of government? 3b. How have world changes impacted the development of the United States? </p><p>Categories Trimester Two (Same as Trimester One) Main Concepts</p><p>I. Political History: Political history includes - political leaders (elections), laws, types of government and influence on modern politics, military issues (leaders, significant battles and wars) 1. Middle Ages— ● Effects of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire ● Rise of feudal system ● Power of Catholic Church ● Christian Kings of the Middle Ages ● Monarchical vs Papal power 2. Renaissance ● Italian city-states ● Medicis ● Rise of secular politics vs church politics ● Politics of Crusades 3. Absolutism ● European nations emerge ● Divine Right of Kings/Royal Absolutism ● Parliament/Estates General Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Philip II, English rulers/Parliamentary struggles, Maria Theresa, Frederick the Great, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Catherine the Great ● Challenges to Absolutism/Enlightenment thinkers A. Geography a.i.1. Geography of the Middle Ages Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Northern vs Southern Europe ❖ The Plague and Geography ❖ Geography and Great Schism ❖ Geography and East/West Church split ❖ Geography of the Crusades a.i.2. Geography of the Renaissance Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Italy and Crusades trade ❖ Northern Renaissance 3. Geography of the Reformation Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Geography and the Spread of Protestantism ❖ Geography and the Counter-Reformation 4. Geography of the Age of Exploration Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Geography and Exploration ❖ Treaty of Tordesillas 5. Geography of the Scientific Revolution Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Geography of the Universe? (heliocentric/geocentric?) 6. Geography of the Emergence of European States Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Europe After Westphalia B. Warfare 1. Middle Ages ● Feudal warfare ● Technology Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ such as castles, longbow, etc. ● Knights and chivalry ● Battle of Tours ● Charlemagne/Viking Raiders ● Norman Conquest ● Crusades ● 100 Years War Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Battle of Agincourt/Poitiers/Longbow 2. Reformation ● 30 Years War</p><p>II. Economic History: Economic history includes - money, taxes, trade, labor, land Economics a.1. Middle Ages ● Barter system ● Feudal manor economics ● Church and land ownership (Tithing) ● Rise of towns, guilds, trade ❖ Effects of the crusades ● Plague effect on wages a.2. Renaissance ● Bankers and Traders in Italy ● Patrons</p><p> a.3. Reformation ● Economic reasons for Protestant reformation ● Protestant Work Ethic 4. Exploration ● Mercantilism ● New world wealth</p><p>III. Religious History - Religious history includes - god(s), religious groups/movements and influence, conflict 1. Middle Ages ● Roman Catholic Church/Heresy ● Monastic Movement ● Islam vs Christianity ● Anti-Semitism ● Spanish Inquisition 2. Renaissance Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Secularization ❖ Savonarola 3. Reformation ● German city-states vs Church ● Church abuses (simony, indulgences)/popular discontent with status quo ● Luther ● Calvin/Effect of Calvinism on America ● Other Reformers (teacher’s choice) ● Counter Reformation 4. Scientific Revolution / Exploration ● Church vs. Science ● Galileo and Heresy 5. Absolutism ● Nationalism and God</p><p>IV. Social History: Social history includes - identity/assimilation, class groups, living conditions/leisure, gender issues, family issues, moral issues, racial issues 1. Middle Ages ● Feudal Social Pyramid ● Church Hierarchy ● Chivalry/Romantic/courtly love vs. arranged marriage ● Serfdom ● Women Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Music—invention of written music ❖ Artists 2. Renaissance ● Growth of Middle Class ● Artists/Patrons ● Secular Humanism 3. Reformation ● Religious intolerance 4. Absolutism ● Class conflicts</p><p>V. Intellectual History: Intellectual history includes - ideas, thinkers, philosophers, books that move ideas, education, technology, inventions, machines, communication tools 1. Middle Ages ● St. Augustine and The City of God ● St. Benedict and Monastic Movement ● Scholasticism, Universities, and Aquinas ● Magna Carta ● Agricultural Revolution of High Middle Ages ● Impact of the Crusades on Learning Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Plow/chest harness/three-field system/stirrup 2. Renaissance ● Printing Press ● Gunpowder ● Secularization of learning ● Secular writing/ writing in the vernacular Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Dante, Chaucer, Petrarch, da Vinci, Brunelleschi, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Machiavelli, Erasmus, etc. 3. Reformation ● Protestantism ● Calvinism/Predestination ● Catholic Reformation 4. Exploration--introduced now, to be elaborated upon 3rd trimester* ● Astrolabe, caravel, Prince Henry Navigator’s School, effects of exploration (to be elaborated upon 3rd trimester) ● Explorers Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Vasco da Gama, Magellan, Columbus, Marco Polo, etc. *Age of Exploration (to elaborated upon 3rd trimester) ● Encomienda System ● God/Gold/Glory 5. Scientific Revolution ● Church vs. Humanism ● Heliocentric vs. Geocentric ● Scientists/Ideas Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Newton-gravity and prisms ❖ Copernicus and Galileo—heliocentric and pendulums, telescopes ❖ Lowenhoek-microscope ❖ Jenner—smallpox vaccine ❖ Harvey—heart as pump ❖ Bacon ❖ Descartes - The Essay. 6. Enlightenment Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, Cesare Beccaria, Voltaire</p><p>VI. Artistic History: Artistic history includes - architecture, fine arts (literature, theater, music, books, painting, sculpture, etc.) 1. Middle Ages ● Focus on the divine ● Gothic art/architecture ● Troubadours and the invention of love songs ● Invention of written music ● Limited books due to Church control of production 2. Renaissance ● Patrons ● Artists—such as: Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael, etc ❖ Realism, Perspective, Oil Paint, Sculpture ● Architecture—such as Brunelleschi's dome Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Baroque Music, Mozart etc ❖ Shakespeare and drama ❖ The modern novel is born 3. Reformation ● Gutenberg’s press/Bible ● Luther’s Bible ● The Index of Prohibited Books 4. Absolutism ● Versailles ● Louix XIV and the use of art as a political statement</p>