The Big Six: Trimester 2

1a. How does an historical understanding of others help you better understand your current situation? 1b. Do values impact society, or does society impact values?

2a. How does economic growth or decline impact families, societies, and nations? 2b. What would cause people to want a revolution?

3a. Why do different civilizations have different types of government? 3b. How have world changes impacted the development of the United States?

Categories Trimester Two (Same as Trimester One) Main Concepts

I. Political History: Political history includes - political leaders (elections), laws, types of government and influence on modern politics, military issues (leaders, significant battles and wars) 1. Middle Ages— ● Effects of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire ● Rise of feudal system ● Power of Catholic Church ● Christian Kings of the Middle Ages ● Monarchical vs Papal power 2. Renaissance ● Italian city-states ● Medicis ● Rise of secular politics vs church politics ● Politics of Crusades 3. Absolutism ● European nations emerge ● Divine Right of Kings/Royal Absolutism ● Parliament/Estates General Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Philip II, English rulers/Parliamentary struggles, Maria Theresa, Frederick the Great, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Catherine the Great ● Challenges to Absolutism/Enlightenment thinkers A. Geography a.i.1. Geography of the Middle Ages Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Northern vs Southern Europe ❖ The Plague and Geography ❖ Geography and Great Schism ❖ Geography and East/West Church split ❖ Geography of the Crusades a.i.2. Geography of the Renaissance Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Italy and Crusades trade ❖ Northern Renaissance 3. Geography of the Reformation Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Geography and the Spread of Protestantism ❖ Geography and the Counter-Reformation 4. Geography of the Age of Exploration Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Geography and Exploration ❖ Treaty of Tordesillas 5. Geography of the Scientific Revolution Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Geography of the Universe? (heliocentric/geocentric?) 6. Geography of the Emergence of European States Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Europe After Westphalia B. Warfare 1. Middle Ages ● Feudal warfare ● Technology Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ such as castles, longbow, etc. ● Knights and chivalry ● Battle of Tours ● Charlemagne/Viking Raiders ● Norman Conquest ● Crusades ● 100 Years War Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Battle of Agincourt/Poitiers/Longbow 2. Reformation ● 30 Years War

II. Economic History: Economic history includes - money, taxes, trade, labor, land Economics a.1. Middle Ages ● Barter system ● Feudal manor economics ● Church and land ownership (Tithing) ● Rise of towns, guilds, trade ❖ Effects of the crusades ● Plague effect on wages a.2. Renaissance ● Bankers and Traders in Italy ● Patrons

a.3. Reformation ● Economic reasons for Protestant reformation ● Protestant Work Ethic 4. Exploration ● Mercantilism ● New world wealth

III. Religious History - Religious history includes - god(s), religious groups/movements and influence, conflict 1. Middle Ages ● Roman Catholic Church/Heresy ● Monastic Movement ● Islam vs Christianity ● Anti-Semitism ● Spanish Inquisition 2. Renaissance Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Secularization ❖ Savonarola 3. Reformation ● German city-states vs Church ● Church abuses (simony, indulgences)/popular discontent with status quo ● Luther ● Calvin/Effect of Calvinism on America ● Other Reformers (teacher’s choice) ● Counter Reformation 4. Scientific Revolution / Exploration ● Church vs. Science ● Galileo and Heresy 5. Absolutism ● Nationalism and God

IV. Social History: Social history includes - identity/assimilation, class groups, living conditions/leisure, gender issues, family issues, moral issues, racial issues 1. Middle Ages ● Feudal Social Pyramid ● Church Hierarchy ● Chivalry/Romantic/courtly love vs. arranged marriage ● Serfdom ● Women Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Music—invention of written music ❖ Artists 2. Renaissance ● Growth of Middle Class ● Artists/Patrons ● Secular Humanism 3. Reformation ● Religious intolerance 4. Absolutism ● Class conflicts

V. Intellectual History: Intellectual history includes - ideas, thinkers, philosophers, books that move ideas, education, technology, inventions, machines, communication tools 1. Middle Ages ● St. Augustine and The City of God ● St. Benedict and Monastic Movement ● Scholasticism, Universities, and Aquinas ● Magna Carta ● Agricultural Revolution of High Middle Ages ● Impact of the Crusades on Learning Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Plow/chest harness/three-field system/stirrup 2. Renaissance ● Printing Press ● Gunpowder ● Secularization of learning ● Secular writing/ writing in the vernacular Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Dante, Chaucer, Petrarch, da Vinci, Brunelleschi, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Machiavelli, Erasmus, etc. 3. Reformation ● Protestantism ● Calvinism/Predestination ● Catholic Reformation 4. Exploration--introduced now, to be elaborated upon 3rd trimester* ● Astrolabe, caravel, Prince Henry Navigator’s School, effects of exploration (to be elaborated upon 3rd trimester) ● Explorers Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Vasco da Gama, Magellan, Columbus, Marco Polo, etc. *Age of Exploration (to elaborated upon 3rd trimester) ● Encomienda System ● God/Gold/Glory 5. Scientific Revolution ● Church vs. Humanism ● Heliocentric vs. Geocentric ● Scientists/Ideas Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Newton-gravity and prisms ❖ Copernicus and Galileo—heliocentric and pendulums, telescopes ❖ Lowenhoek-microscope ❖ Jenner—smallpox vaccine ❖ Harvey—heart as pump ❖ Bacon ❖ Descartes - The Essay. 6. Enlightenment Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, Cesare Beccaria, Voltaire

VI. Artistic History: Artistic history includes - architecture, fine arts (literature, theater, music, books, painting, sculpture, etc.) 1. Middle Ages ● Focus on the divine ● Gothic art/architecture ● Troubadours and the invention of love songs ● Invention of written music ● Limited books due to Church control of production 2. Renaissance ● Patrons ● Artists—such as: Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael, etc ❖ Realism, Perspective, Oil Paint, Sculpture ● Architecture—such as Brunelleschi's dome Teachers have flexibility to use examples such as the following: ❖ Baroque Music, Mozart etc ❖ Shakespeare and drama ❖ The modern novel is born 3. Reformation ● Gutenberg’s press/Bible ● Luther’s Bible ● The Index of Prohibited Books 4. Absolutism ● Versailles ● Louix XIV and the use of art as a political statement