<p>Supplementary data The sample groups that were created using the various processes and their respective roughness are shown in following Table.</p><p>Table. Nomenclature of groups with different processing procedures for surface modifications on specimens.</p><p>Abbreviation of Specimens and prepared procedures groups M Specimen prepared by surface-grinding MS Specimen prepared by surface-grinding and modified with silane MSP Specimen prepared by surface-grinding, modified with silane and following with RGD peptide SLA Specimen prepared by surface-grinding and SLA treatment SLAS SLA specimen prepared by further modified with silane SLASP SLAS specimen prepared by further modified with RGD peptide SLA-TTCP SLA specimen prepared by further anchoring with TTCP particles Measurement To obtain a tendency and understanding of the influence of surface treatments on the differentiation of cells, data on correction of cells’ differentiation were obtained by dividing the semi-quantitative ALP values by the extent of cell proliferation.</p><p>Supplementary figure. Tendency of D1 cell differentiations to proliferate on different Ti surface conditions after 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 d of incubation (n = 5). Statistical significance is indicated by ** and * symbols above a line (** > *, p < 0.05).</p>