Japan Association forforMiddle Middle East Studies PAYFA KHATUN, AYYUBID QUEEN OF ALEPPO(EL-AZHARI) PAYFA KHATUN, AYYUBID QUEEN OF ALEPPO 634-640 A.H./1236-1242 A.D. Taef Kamal EL-AZHARI* Udiia t'AYtY- ULh, , NYYI a-t-"..s,t:Yi "b..L.sJ1 ..J.st pa a.SL. , b.e.;LS. q-"'-".h la-m LL' n.t ,.,-;JY1 6pal a.eU LLLAt dd--.uYr SJJL t!.tJtsJ ,,-n)L-Y1 eteJcu1.,-" amG ts>s.Y ･"AO J-a cj"s c.,-t}eY1JsY1JJLsJlbLll-Ul U.t! ets .-ai U-i.-.b - JsJ tsi L,.d-Ll. 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It is true that the history of both countries interacted during $alalj al-Din I (d. 1193), the founder of the dynasty and to some years under his brother al-`Adil I (d. 1218). During that time the Ayyubid kingdom remained intact. al-tAdil After I death, the Ayyubid realm was divided following the Turkish- Kurdish tradition of distributing the iqLa` among the sons of the dead sultan. That led to open hostilities between the Ayyubid amirs in Syria to control the principal cities of Syria and al-Jazira. Also pelitical pacts were formed between many of them against the Ayyubids of Egypt. The matter cleteriorated into bitter civil war follow- ing the death of the Ayyubid Suitan al-Kami1 in 1238(2). While Egypt remainded to be governed through central system under the Ayyubids with one lord, Syria was governed through the city state system. In the second quarter of the thirteen century, many factors have contributed to the pulling of northern Syria out of the Egyptian orbit. The powerful neighbour the Saljuqs of Rum, and the successive Khwarizmian invasions to the area. Also the internal feud between the Ayyubids of southern Syria and Egypt, and their fights with the Crusaders which occupied sustantial part of their attention, away frem northern ' ' Syria. The study of Ayyubid Aleppo between 1236-1242 is a study of a rare case in the Islamic history as a whole, when an Ayyubid princess, rpayfa Khatttn became the de facto ruler of Aleppo public]y, and managed to keep the status quo until she died. There are two major contemporary historians of her age. Ibn al-`Adim (d. 660/1261) and Ibn Wasl (d.697/1298). The first described in details her rule as he was her trusted ambassador to other rulers in many occasions. That surely benefits the research. Payfa KhatUn was treated by scholars merely as an incidental figure. Although the role of the Mamluk woman in political life was examined(3> one hardly know the role of the Ayyubid one, which is the aim of this article. 29 NII-Electronic Library Service JapanJapanAssociation Association for Middle East Studies AJAMES No.15 2000 Who was rpayfa Khatan: She was the daughter of al-`Adil I, the Ayyubid Sultan. She was born in Aleppo's citadel in 581/1185, when her father was then, governing the city as an Iqta` from his "guest" in Persian and brother $ala4 al-Din I(`). Her name rpayfa means Arabic. It was given to her according to Ibn al-fAdim who rnentioned, that al-`Adil was receiving a guest in the citadel, and when he was told about her birth. He decided to name her rpayfa(5). The sources do not say much about her upbringing, but she was brought up in Egypt when her father was the Sultan there. Payfa was one of four daughters to al-`Adil. Her elder sister Ghazia KhatUn was married in 582/1186 to her cousin al-Zahir (d. 61311216), son of $alah al-Din, ruler of Aleppo. She died without giving birth to any sons. After she died, al-Zahir sent in 609/1212 to al-`AdilIasking to Baha' al-Din b, marry rpayfa(6). al-`Adil agreed, and the chief qadi of Aleppo, Shaddad was sent to Cairo to complete the ceremony. Her dowery was 50,OOO dinfir, which was the average of that period(7). Her father sent her in the same year with hundreds of servants in her company, and at her arrival in Aleppo, al-4hir decorated the city and lavished on her many jewellery(8). Dayfa's status in Aleppo before taking power: Payfa gave birth in 610/1213 to her only son al-`Aziz b.