Overview: the Scope of Ecology

Chapter 49 Biosphere Overview: The Scope of Ecology Ecology: These interactions determine both the ______and their abundance Ecology is an enormously complex and exciting area of biology reveals the richness of the______ Concept 50.1: Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and the environment Ecology has a long history as a descriptive science is also a rigorous ______Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Events that occur in ______affect life on the scale of ______Organisms and the Environment The environment of any organism includes Abiotic, : Biotic,:  All the organisms living in the environment, the______- Environmental components affect the ______and ______of organisms Ecologists use ______and ______to test explanations for the distribution and abundance of speciesSubfields of Ecology Organismal ecology Population Ecology:  Community Ecology: Ecosystem Ecology:  Landscape Ecology: Biosphere:Ecology and Environmental Issues Ecology provides the scientific understanding underlying ______ ______is credited with starting the modern environmental movement Most ecologists follow the ______regarding environmental issues The precautionary principle Concept 50.2: Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of species Ecologists have long recognized ______patterns of distribution of organisms within the biosphere Many naturalists began to identify broad patterns of distribution by naming ______realms ______provides a good starting point for understanding what limits the geographic distribution of speciesDispersal and Distribution  Dispersal: Contributes to the ______of organismsNatural Range Expansion ______show the influence of dispersal on distributionSpecies Transplant ______include organisms that are intentionally or accidentally relocated from their original distribution can often disrupt the ______to which they Behavior and Habitat Selection Some organisms do not occupy all of their ______ Species distribution may be limited by ______behaviorBiotic Factors Biotic factors that affect the distribution of organisms may include A specific case of an ______- limiting distribution of a food speciesAbiotic Factors Abiotic factors that affect the distribution of organisms may includeTemperature ______is an important factor in the distribution of organisms because of its effects on biological processes Water ______among habitats is another important factor in species distributionSunlight Light intensity and quality can affect ______in ecosystems Light is also important to the ______of organisms sensitive to the photoperiodWind Wind amplifies the effects of temperature on organisms by increasing heat loss due to ______and ______can change the ______of plantsRocks and Soil Many characteristics of soil limit the distribution of plants and thus the animals that feed upon themClimate Four major abiotic components make up climate ______ ______is the prevailing weather conditions in a particular area Climate patterns can be described on two scales ______, patterns on the global, regional, and local level ______, very fine patterns, such as those encountered by the community of organisms underneath a fallen logGlobal Climate Patterns  Earth’s global ______patterns are determined largely by the input of ______and the planet’s movement in space ______plays a major part in determining the Earth’s climate patterns ______and wind patterns play major parts in determining the Earth’s climate patternsRegional , Local, and Seasonal Effects on Climate Various features of the ______contribute to local variations in climateBodies of Water  ______and their currents, and large lakes moderate the climate of nearby terrestrial environmentsMountains Mountains have a significant effect on the amount of sunlight reaching an area local ______and ______. This is known as Rain Shadow EffectSeasonality The ______leads to many seasonal changes in local environmentsLakes Lakes are sensitive to ______change experience ______Microclimate ______is determined by fine-scale differences in abiotic factorsLong Term Climate Change One way to predict future ______is to look back at the changes that occurred previously Concept 50.3: Abiotic and biotic factors influence the structure and dynamics of aquatic biomes  Varying combinations of both______and______factors determine the nature of Earth’s many biomes Biomes: The examination of biomes will begin with Earth’s ______ ______account for the largest part of the biosphere in terms of area Can contain fresh or salt water Oceans cover about ______of Earth’s surface have an enormous impact on the______ Many aquatic biomes are stratified into zones or layers defined by ______ ______- Standing bodies of water range from ponds to lakes  ______covered long enough period to support aquatic plants  Streams and rivers Having a ______ ______Transition between River and Sea  Example: ______Largest Estuary in the USA  ______Area of high and low tides  ______is a vast realm of ______constantly mixed by wind- driven oceanic currents  ______Found in the photic zone (Tropical Latitude)  Highly sensitive to ______ Marine ______Seafloor community organisms have adapted to live with little or no light  Concept 50.4: Climate largely determines the distribution and structure of terrestrial biomes Climate is particularly important in determining why particular ______are found in certain areas Climate has a great impact on the distribution of organisms, as seen on a ______ The distribution of major ______ Terrestrial biomes are often named for major physical or ______and for their______ Stratification is an important feature of terrestrial biomes layering of ______(Example: Canopy found in the Tropical Rain Forest) Tropical forest: tropical region large ______ Characterisitcs: Desert (VERY DRY) Characteristics Savanna: Equatorial and subequatorial (THE LION KING) Characteristics:  Chaparral Coastal regions around several continents (California) Characteristics: Temperate Grassland Characterisitcs: Coniferous Forest Characteristics: Temperate Broadleaf Forest (State of Virginia) Characteristics: Tundra: Frozen Desert—20% Earth Surface Characterisitcs:

Overview: the Scope of Ecology

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