<p> Review Sheet #3 Chapters 9, 10 and 14 Development, Social Psychology, and Personality</p><p>The role of GENETICS: Chromosomes: 23 pair (one from the sperm and one from the egg for each) The 23rd pair determines the child’s gender (Father’s X = girl, Y = boy) DNA – strand of chain on each chromosome. The sex hormones for males and females</p><p>Evolutionary psychology Twin studies Rats in enriched environments Social norms Androgyny, gender identity, social learning vs. gender schema theories</p><p>Prenatal stages: zygote, embryo, fetus Fetal alcohol syndrome</p><p>Infancy: - Imprinting - Rooting reflex - Critical period - Habituation studies of infants - Plasticity - Temperament - Attachment studies (Harry Harlow, Mary Ainsworth) Piaget: - Schemas, assimilation, accommodation - Sensorimotor - Concrete operations - Pre-operational - Formal operations - Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive parenting styles Kohlberg – Moral Ladder: - Pre-conventional - Conventional - Post-Conventional Erikson – Social Development: - Trust v. Mistrust - Autonomy v. Doubt - Initiative v. Guilt - Competence v. Inferiority - Identity v. Role Confusion - Intimacy v. Isolation - Generativity v. Stagnation - Integrity v. Despair Alzheimer’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Cross-sectional v. Longitudinal Fluid v. Crystallized Intelligence</p><p>Social Psychology: - Individualism v. Collectivism - Attribution Theory, Fundamental Attribution Error - “Foot-in-the-Door” Phenomenon - Cognitive Dissonance - Self-fulfilling prophecy - Frustration-Aggression Theory - Group Polarization and Groupthink - Social Facilitation, De-individuation, and Social Loafing - Social-Exchange Theory - Bystander Effect - Normative and informational social influence - Prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination - Self-fulfilling prophecy - Factors that affect attractiveness, mere exposure effect - Scapegoat Theory - Passionate v. Companionate Love - Attraction - Asch Line Experiment - Milgram Experiment</p><p>Personality and Perspectives - Psychoanalytic o Free Association o Dream interpretation o Id, Ego, Superego o Development stages (oral, anal, phallic – Oedipus complex – latency period, genital stage) o Defense mechanisms – to cope with anxiety (repression, reaction formation, projection, displacement, sublimation) o Projective tests (TAT, Rorschach) o Neo-Freudians . Horney (disputed penis envy) Adler (inferiority/superiority complex), Jung (collective unconscious) - Trait o Type A v. Type B o Body types (ectomorphs, endomorphs, and mesomorphs) o Personality Factors (the big 5) o Myers-Briggs, MMPI - Humanistic o Maslow (hierarchy of needs) o Rogers (unconditional positive regard) o Positive Psychology - Socio-Cognitive o Bandura o Reciprocal determinism o Internal v. external locus of control  Learned helplessness</p>