L l . 3 ! Outlook n i f for Technology and Manpower in Printing and Publishing Bulletin 1774 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 1973 Dayton & Montgomery Ce. Public Library S E P 5 1973 am AAHj Bk Del ame un Elk Tokyo rnt 80 wf o if 6^4 BM toi B k rntW Tr rntW un fla Glass ask Rob 1/4 18 fla Mng s«£r Ale ila Roo •,tpnk Br ass Fin! ;5( 7 - "M Steak $hk assetf f 28 ’2 m 2 ayls Mk 15 '■> 16 Itrl font ^ayiy Cp [ I j w i a m \ V 8 I in * 9 I0G Beacn Ph 6 ojm tJom o a C its Reehv M 8 / V ■Goffil Gr ' i la w San 16 m k Beeline F ijorest 0 m : ; g * N 3ektn Co ▼ rm iq h ?Js ch . 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Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. Microfiche edition available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151, at 95 cents a set. Make checks for microfiche payable to NTIS. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Preface This bulletin describes changes in technology in the printing and publishing industry, a major industry employing over 1 million workers. The study focuses on the impact of new technology on productivity, employment, and occupational requirements, and describes methods of adjustment. It is one of a series of reports prepared to meet the requirements of the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962, which lirects the Secretary of Labor to establish techniques and methods for detecting in advance the potential manpower effect of automation, technological change, and other innovations that may result in changes in the structure of production. This type of advance information could be of great assistance to management and union leaders, educators, government officials, economists, and others in planning policies to cushion the effects of change. Information for the study was obtained by members of the BLS staff during field visits to newspapers and commercial printing establishments where new technology was introduced and from experts in industry, labor, and government. Information also was obtained from secondary source materials, particularly trade and technical journals. The study includes firsthand information on the impact on production and manpower of electronic computers, phototypesetting equipment, web-offset printing, and other innovations at the nine printing firms which participated in the study. The report also discusses the outlook for future diffusion of new printing technology and describes measures undertaken to maintain job security at survey plants and elsewhere. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is grateful to the many individuals who provided useful information and reviewed the draft of the report. We also wish to thank the Harris-Intertype Corporation for providing us with photographs. The bulletin was prepared in the Division of Technological Studies, Office of Productivity and Technology, by Robert V. Critchlow and Arthur S. Herman, under the direct supervision of Richard W. Riche and the general direction of John J. Macut, Division Chief. iii Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Contents Page Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 H ighlights.............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 1. The printing industry’s importance in the economy .................................................................................. 4 Definition of the industry .......................................................................................................................................... 4 E m ploym ent................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Production and p roductivity....................................................................................................................................... 5 Capital spending .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Research and developm ent.......................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2. Key technological changes ............................................................................................................................. 7 Composing r o o m .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Platemaking ....................................................................................................................................................................10 Press operations ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 M ailroom ...........................................................................................................................................................................13 Chapter 3. Introducing new technology at survey pla n ts ....................................................................................................15 Planning .................................................... 15 Installation....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Costs and benefits ..........................................................................................................................................................15 Chapter 4. Employment trends and occupational ch a n g e s................................................................................................18 Employment trends .......................................................................................................................................................18 Impact on occupations and sk ills...................................................................................................................................18 Chapter 5. Training for new technology ................................ 27 Union training ................................................................................................................................................................ 27 Industry trade associations............................................................................................................................................ 27 Manufacturer and user train in g ......................................................................................................................................27 Entry level train in g ..........................................................................................................................................................27 Training at survey p la n ts ................................................. • . ........................................................................................28 Chapter 6 . Adjustment of workers to technological change ........................................................................................... 30 Contract provisions relating to technological ch a n g e ................................................................................................... 30 Manpower planning in survey p l a n t s ............................................................................................................................ 31 Chapter 7. Outlook for technology and m anpow er.............................................................. 3 4 Outlook for technology ................................................................................................................................................3