<p> ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CUMULATIVE TEST STUDY GUIDE </p><p>Chapter 1</p><p>Terms  Natural Resources</p><p> Sustainability</p><p> Ecological Footprint</p><p> Pollution</p><p>Concepts 1.Distinguish between nonrenewable, renewable, and perpetual resources.</p><p>2. Distinguish between developed and developing countries.</p><p>3. Distinguish between reduce, reuse, recycle, and refuse.</p><p>4. Distinguish between point source and non-point source pollution.</p><p>5. How do the following societies’ environmental impacts differ: hunter-gatherer, agricultural, and industrial?</p><p>6. Give an example of the “Tragedy of the Commons”.</p><p>Chapter 4</p><p>Terms  Limiting factors</p><p> Biodiversity </p><p> Monoculture</p><p> Ecology </p><p> Range of tolerance Concepts</p><p>1. Describe the relationship between organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems.</p><p>2. Distinguish between atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.</p><p>3. Explain how the greenhouse effect works.</p><p>4. How do producers and consumers differ?</p><p>5. What are the differences between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem?</p><p>6. Distinguish between omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores.</p><p>7. Distinguish between food webs and food chains. Which is more realistic?</p><p>8. What happens to the available energy as you move up a food chain?</p><p>9. Describe the steps of the hydrological, carbon, and nitrogen cycles.</p><p>10. Distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.</p><p>Chapter 7</p><p>Terms  Indicator species</p><p> Keystone species</p><p> Pioneer species</p><p> Endangered species</p><p> Invasive species  Resource partitioning</p><p> Precautionary principle</p><p> Niche</p><p> Habitat</p><p> Inertia </p><p> Resilience</p><p> Intermediate disturbance hypothesis</p><p>Concepts</p><p>1. Distinguish between native and non-native (invasive) species.</p><p>2. Distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition.</p><p>3. Give examples of mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.</p><p>4. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession.</p><p>5. Distinguish between generalist and specialist species.</p><p>Chapter 10</p><p>Terms  Toxic</p><p> Dose</p><p> Response </p><p> Probability</p><p> Persistence  Solubility </p><p> Chemical interactions</p><p> Poison</p><p> Mutagens</p><p> Carcinogens</p><p> Teratogens</p><p> Bioaccumulation</p><p> Biomagnification</p><p> LD50 (median lethal dose)</p><p> Endocrine disruptors</p><p> Pathogens </p><p>Concepts 1. Distinguish between transmissible and non-transmissible diseases.</p><p>2. Distinguish between risk assessment and risk management.</p><p>3. What does “the dose makes the poison” mean?</p><p>4. Give examples of biological, chemical, physical, and cultural hazards.</p><p>5. What is causing bacteria to evolve antibiotic-resistant strains?</p><p>6. What are three different routes of exposure for toxins?</p><p>7. What are the most deadly infectious diseases? Where are they most common?</p>