<p>Virus and Bacteria Study Guide 1. Name the characteristics that an organism must have to be alive.</p><p>2. Which of these characteristics does a virus not have?</p><p>3. Name and describe the 3 parts that make up a virus.</p><p>4. What is a prion? Give an example of a prion infection.</p><p>5. What is a viroid? Give an example of a viroid infection. </p><p>6. How does a virus enter a bacterium? What is the name of the virus that infects a bacterial cell?</p><p>7. How does a virus enter a eukaryotic cell?</p><p>8. Are most viruses specific to their hosts?</p><p>9. What are the two types of infections used for viruses? Give 2 examples of each type of infection.</p><p>10. Describe what is happening to the host cell (including DNA) in each cycle.</p><p>11. Can viruses switch between the two cycles above?</p><p>12. AIDs is caused by a retrovirus, what does this mean (how does this work)?</p><p>13. Describe how vaccines are produced.</p><p>14. How do vaccines prepare the body for infection? 15. What is the structural difference between Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?</p><p>16. What are the 3 major groups of Archaebacteria, where can they be found?</p><p>17. How are obligate aerobes and obligate anaerobes different?</p><p>18. What kind of environment could a facultative aerobe live in?</p><p>19. What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?</p><p>20. Describe how Gram stain can identify eubacteria (what part of the cell is it staining and why do they stain bacteria differently).</p><p>21. What color do gram positive bacteria stain? What about gram negative?</p><p>22. What is binary fission? What kind of offspring does it produce?</p><p>23. Describe the purpose of conjugation. </p><p>24. What are two other processes used to obtain new genetic recombination in bacteria?</p><p>25. What is the purpose of an endospore?</p><p>26. How are decomposers good for the environment?</p><p>27. How do nitrogen fixing bacteria help some plants?</p><p>28. How do humans use bacteria?</p><p>29. Name two ways that bacteria cause disease in humans.</p><p>30. Explain what antibiotics physically do to bacteria.</p><p>31. Explain how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics.</p><p>32. Do humans play a role in antibiotic resistance in bacteria?</p>