College Prep Chapter 19 Study Guide

Virus and Bacteria Study Guide 1. Name the characteristics that an organism must have to be alive.

2. Which of these characteristics does a virus not have?

3. Name and describe the 3 parts that make up a virus.

4. What is a prion? Give an example of a prion infection.

5. What is a viroid? Give an example of a viroid infection.

6. How does a virus enter a bacterium? What is the name of the virus that infects a bacterial cell?

7. How does a virus enter a eukaryotic cell?

8. Are most viruses specific to their hosts?

9. What are the two types of infections used for viruses? Give 2 examples of each type of infection.

10. Describe what is happening to the host cell (including DNA) in each cycle.

11. Can viruses switch between the two cycles above?

12. AIDs is caused by a retrovirus, what does this mean (how does this work)?

13. Describe how vaccines are produced.

14. How do vaccines prepare the body for infection? 15. What is the structural difference between Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?

16. What are the 3 major groups of Archaebacteria, where can they be found?

17. How are obligate aerobes and obligate anaerobes different?

18. What kind of environment could a facultative aerobe live in?

19. What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

20. Describe how Gram stain can identify eubacteria (what part of the cell is it staining and why do they stain bacteria differently).

21. What color do gram positive bacteria stain? What about gram negative?

22. What is binary fission? What kind of offspring does it produce?

23. Describe the purpose of conjugation.

24. What are two other processes used to obtain new genetic recombination in bacteria?

25. What is the purpose of an endospore?

26. How are decomposers good for the environment?

27. How do nitrogen fixing bacteria help some plants?

28. How do humans use bacteria?

29. Name two ways that bacteria cause disease in humans.

30. Explain what antibiotics physically do to bacteria.

31. Explain how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics.

32. Do humans play a role in antibiotic resistance in bacteria?