<p> S3 History Wallace and Bruce – The Succession Crisis + The Great Cause</p><p>Describe the death of Alexander 3 rd </p><p>After a meeting with his council in ______Alexander made his way back (on horse back) to Kinghorn in Fife to be with his new wife ______.There was a violent ______Due to the weather, he was advised ______this and offered a bed at Inverkeithing but refused. He continued his journey along a narrow ______and in the darkness he lost his ______Alexander had fallen from the cliff and he was found the following morning. storm Yolande seapath guides against Edinburgh</p><p>Explain why many Scots were reluctant to have Margaret maid of Norway rule Scotland?</p><p>She was a child so needed ______to rule on her behalf. People worried this would lead to ______. She was ______many thought females would be weaker than a King and unable to control the noblemen and she would be unable to lead men in ______. She would need a ______and this would cause problems. A Scottish husband may cause jealousy among the other nobles. A ______husband could lead to Scotland being taken over and controlled by another country. She was only ______years old. Many children died before reaching adult hood so many were concerned that she would die young. So, an adult ruler would be best. Many nobles wanted to be ______so didn’t want her to rule e.g. Bruce and Balliol. Many feared this would lead to fighting amongst nobles and eventual ______war. </p><p>3 others female battle disputes civil foreign King husband</p><p>Describe the Treaty of Birgham</p><p>The Treaty of Birgham stated that Margaret, Maid of Norway (to be Queen of Scots) would marry Edward I’s ______.The Treaty stated that Scotland shall remain separate and______from the Kingdom of England. The Treaty also stated that Scotland shall keep her rights, laws, freedoms and ______. All Scottish______must be held in Scotland and nowhere else.The ruler of Scotland and the ruler of England shall rule their own kingdoms</p><p> parliaments son freely divided customs</p><p>2013 Succession Revision Why was Edward asked to choose the next Scottish king?</p><p>The Scots could ______agree who should be the next king after the Maid died. Edward was a ______and the ______of Alexander III. There was a threat of ______war in Scotland as the nobles began to gather their armies. People were worried that war would break out between nobles who wanted control e.g. Bruce and ______.The ______decided to ask for help.The Bishop of St Andrew’s sent a letter to Edward ______him to help choose a new king. The Scots needed an ______judge to help them decide who should be king. Edward was seen as a ______king with a lot of knowledge about the______. Edward was a powerful king and his judgement would be accepted by the______. Edward passed strong laws which controlled England. He could help prevent law and order problems in Scotland. Edward was Margaret’s great ______and as a relative could help Scotland. Many nobles had ______in England so they looked to Edward for help. Edward was seen as a good King. Scottish Bishops believed he would maintain good order. </p><p>Christian guardians Balliol independent not brother in law civil inviting wise neighbour law claimants uncle land </p><p>Describe the events that led to John Balliol succeeding to the Scottish throne in 1292</p><p>Alexander 3rd and ______die leaving no king or queen and no direct ______. ______’Competitors’ claimed the throne of Scotland and nine of them went to Norham to have their claims judged by Edward I. Edward ______that the Competitors accept him as ______before he would consider their claims. The Scots refused and insisted that only a Scottish King had the power to agree to Edward’s demand. Edward held them prisoner until finally all Competitors accepted Edward as Overlord. Eventually Edward decided there were only ______Competitors with a strong claim – Robert Bruce and John Balliol. For______months auditors listened and presented evidence. In ______Edward decided that Balliol had the best claim and awarded the throne to him. John was crowned King at ______using the stone of Destiny. He then travelled to ______where Balliol then did homage to Edward for the kingdom of Scotland. </p><p>Thirteen Margaret Newcastle 1292 two heir demanded Scone overlord 18 </p><p>Why did Edward 1 st choose balliol as king?</p><p>Balliol was chosen to be the kind of Scotland because he agreed to pay ______to King Edward. Balliol also agreed that Edward was ______of Scotland. He was chosen because he was ______from the eldest daughter of Earl of Huntingdon. Balliol was chosen as king because he was the ______heir of Margaret, Maid of Norway. Some believe that John was chosen as he was ______and could be easily manipulated by Edward.</p><p>Nearest homage descended weak overlord 2013 Succession Revision Describe the attack on Berwick in 1296</p><p>The people built a new, wooden ______around the town. ______from Fife came to defend the town. Women and ______were moved out of the town .Edward surrounded Berwick by land and______. Edward asked Berwick to surrender within ______days. The defenders would not ______. The people of Berwick mocked King Edward by shouting insults at him such as ______(long legs) and baring their ______. Edward attacked the town by sailing his ______into the harbour to attack from the sea .English soldiers ______across the wall & into the town killing everyone they could find and ______Berwick to the ground.</p><p>Children Surrender ‘Lang Shanks’ burned 3 wall Soldiers buttocks sea ships charged</p><p>Describe the events of the Battle of Dunbar in 1296</p><p>On 23 ______, English cavalry - led by Edward’s senior commander John de Warrene, Earl of Surrey - was sent to ______the castle. After ______days the Scots led by the Earl of Buchan ______the English. The castle garrison cheered and raised ______mocking the English. Warrene and his knights rode down the ______and out of ______. The Scots thought the English were ______and ______ranks to pursue them. The English then attacked . Scots suffered huge ______Many Scottish nobles were defeat April 4 attacked valley fleeing banners broke sight captured besiege</p><p>Describe the defeat and capture of John Balliol</p><p>John Balliol’s men had attacked the north of England but King Edward had shocked the Scots by destroying ______. King Edward defeated King John’s army at ______. John fled to the ______of Scotland but was pursued by King Edward. John sent a letter to ______to say he would surrender. John surrendered in ______to King Edward at Montrose. At this meeting King Edward had stripped King John of his title and ______He ripped his royal coat of arms off his chest making him known as ‘______Tabard’ – empty coat. John was sent to ______in the tower of London.</p><p>Berwick Perth Dunbar north person crown Toom prison</p><p>2013 Succession Revision How did Edward take away Scotland’s independence in 1296?</p><p>Edward took the Stone of ______on which all Scottish kings were crowned to London. Without the Stone of Destiny and the crown, it would be difficult to crown another ______king. The Scottish ______was also taken to London. Scotland was no longer called a ______but a ‘land’. Every important Scots nobleman had to swear ______to Edward (Ragman Roll). Many important documents, which ______Scotland was an independent country, were also taken. All important castles and towns came under English ______. John Balliol was stripped of Royal authority, ______and then exiled to France. ______officials took over the government of Scotland. Edward began to appoint Englishmen to important posts in the Scottish ______.</p><p>Destiny Scots crown kingdom loyalty proved control imprisoned English church.</p><p>How did Edward control Scotland after the defeat of John Balliol?</p><p>All the important people in Scotland had promised to ______him by signing the ______. Edward used many ways to control the nobles who usually ran Scotland e.g. offering ______in England. John Balliol and many Scottish leaders were his ______in England. Edward had taken the sons and relations of other noblemen ______to England to make sure that they did what he wanted. Edward had given Englishmen control over important Scottish ______. Edward had chosen Englishmen to ______Scotland. The Earl of Sussex was in charge. Edward decided that only ______were to be promoted in the Scottish Church.</p><p>Englishmen Ragman Roll hostage castles govern prisoners land obey</p><p>2013 Succession Revision</p>