Describe the Death of Alexander 3Rd

S3 History Wallace and Bruce – The Succession Crisis + The Great Cause

Describe the death of Alexander 3 rd

After a meeting with his council in ______Alexander made his way back (on horse back) to Kinghorn in Fife to be with his new wife ______.There was a violent ______Due to the weather, he was advised ______this and offered a bed at Inverkeithing but refused. He continued his journey along a narrow ______and in the darkness he lost his ______Alexander had fallen from the cliff and he was found the following morning. storm Yolande seapath guides against Edinburgh

Explain why many Scots were reluctant to have Margaret maid of Norway rule Scotland?

She was a child so needed ______to rule on her behalf. People worried this would lead to ______. She was ______many thought females would be weaker than a King and unable to control the noblemen and she would be unable to lead men in ______. She would need a ______and this would cause problems. A Scottish husband may cause jealousy among the other nobles. A ______husband could lead to Scotland being taken over and controlled by another country. She was only ______years old. Many children died before reaching adult hood so many were concerned that she would die young. So, an adult ruler would be best. Many nobles wanted to be ______so didn’t want her to rule e.g. Bruce and Balliol. Many feared this would lead to fighting amongst nobles and eventual ______war.

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Describe the Treaty of Birgham

The Treaty of Birgham stated that Margaret, Maid of Norway (to be Queen of Scots) would marry Edward I’s ______.The Treaty stated that Scotland shall remain separate and______from the Kingdom of England. The Treaty also stated that Scotland shall keep her rights, laws, freedoms and ______. All Scottish______must be held in Scotland and nowhere else.The ruler of Scotland and the ruler of England shall rule their own kingdoms

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2013 Succession Revision Why was Edward asked to choose the next Scottish king?

The Scots could ______agree who should be the next king after the Maid died. Edward was a ______and the ______of Alexander III. There was a threat of ______war in Scotland as the nobles began to gather their armies. People were worried that war would break out between nobles who wanted control e.g. Bruce and ______.The ______decided to ask for help.The Bishop of St Andrew’s sent a letter to Edward ______him to help choose a new king. The Scots needed an ______judge to help them decide who should be king. Edward was seen as a ______king with a lot of knowledge about the______. Edward was a powerful king and his judgement would be accepted by the______. Edward passed strong laws which controlled England. He could help prevent law and order problems in Scotland. Edward was Margaret’s great ______and as a relative could help Scotland. Many nobles had ______in England so they looked to Edward for help. Edward was seen as a good King. Scottish Bishops believed he would maintain good order.

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Describe the events that led to John Balliol succeeding to the Scottish throne in 1292

Alexander 3rd and ______die leaving no king or queen and no direct ______. ______’Competitors’ claimed the throne of Scotland and nine of them went to Norham to have their claims judged by Edward I. Edward ______that the Competitors accept him as ______before he would consider their claims. The Scots refused and insisted that only a Scottish King had the power to agree to Edward’s demand. Edward held them prisoner until finally all Competitors accepted Edward as Overlord. Eventually Edward decided there were only ______Competitors with a strong claim – Robert Bruce and John Balliol. For______months auditors listened and presented evidence. In ______Edward decided that Balliol had the best claim and awarded the throne to him. John was crowned King at ______using the stone of Destiny. He then travelled to ______where Balliol then did homage to Edward for the kingdom of Scotland.

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Why did Edward 1 st choose balliol as king?

Balliol was chosen to be the kind of Scotland because he agreed to pay ______to King Edward. Balliol also agreed that Edward was ______of Scotland. He was chosen because he was ______from the eldest daughter of Earl of Huntingdon. Balliol was chosen as king because he was the ______heir of Margaret, Maid of Norway. Some believe that John was chosen as he was ______and could be easily manipulated by Edward.

Nearest homage descended weak overlord 2013 Succession Revision Describe the attack on Berwick in 1296

The people built a new, wooden ______around the town. ______from Fife came to defend the town. Women and ______were moved out of the town .Edward surrounded Berwick by land and______. Edward asked Berwick to surrender within ______days. The defenders would not ______. The people of Berwick mocked King Edward by shouting insults at him such as ______(long legs) and baring their ______. Edward attacked the town by sailing his ______into the harbour to attack from the sea .English soldiers ______across the wall & into the town killing everyone they could find and ______Berwick to the ground.

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Describe the events of the Battle of Dunbar in 1296

On 23 ______, English cavalry - led by Edward’s senior commander John de Warrene, Earl of Surrey - was sent to ______the castle. After ______days the Scots led by the Earl of Buchan ______the English. The castle garrison cheered and raised ______mocking the English. Warrene and his knights rode down the ______and out of ______. The Scots thought the English were ______and ______ranks to pursue them. The English then attacked . Scots suffered huge ______Many Scottish nobles were defeat April 4 attacked valley fleeing banners broke sight captured besiege

Describe the defeat and capture of John Balliol

John Balliol’s men had attacked the north of England but King Edward had shocked the Scots by destroying ______. King Edward defeated King John’s army at ______. John fled to the ______of Scotland but was pursued by King Edward. John sent a letter to ______to say he would surrender. John surrendered in ______to King Edward at Montrose. At this meeting King Edward had stripped King John of his title and ______He ripped his royal coat of arms off his chest making him known as ‘______Tabard’ – empty coat. John was sent to ______in the tower of London.

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2013 Succession Revision How did Edward take away Scotland’s independence in 1296?

Edward took the Stone of ______on which all Scottish kings were crowned to London. Without the Stone of Destiny and the crown, it would be difficult to crown another ______king. The Scottish ______was also taken to London. Scotland was no longer called a ______but a ‘land’. Every important Scots nobleman had to swear ______to Edward (Ragman Roll). Many important documents, which ______Scotland was an independent country, were also taken. All important castles and towns came under English ______. John Balliol was stripped of Royal authority, ______and then exiled to France. ______officials took over the government of Scotland. Edward began to appoint Englishmen to important posts in the Scottish ______.

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How did Edward control Scotland after the defeat of John Balliol?

All the important people in Scotland had promised to ______him by signing the ______. Edward used many ways to control the nobles who usually ran Scotland e.g. offering ______in England. John Balliol and many Scottish leaders were his ______in England. Edward had taken the sons and relations of other noblemen ______to England to make sure that they did what he wanted. Edward had given Englishmen control over important Scottish ______. Edward had chosen Englishmen to ______Scotland. The Earl of Sussex was in charge. Edward decided that only ______were to be promoted in the Scottish Church.

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2013 Succession Revision