<p>Chapter 24 Study Guide </p><p>Name ______Date ______Class ______</p><p>24.1 1. The alkali metals are in ______on the periodic table.</p><p>2. Is the following sentence true or false? Alkali metal salts are very soluble in water.______</p><p>3. How are alkali metals found in nature?</p><p>4. What happens when an alkali metal reacts with cold water?</p><p>5. Alkali metals are usually stored under ______.</p><p>6. List five general characteristics of alkali metals. ______</p><p>7. Is the following sentence true or false? Potassium is the only alkali metal manufactured on a large scale. ______</p><p>8. Metallic sodium is generally produced by the ______of molten sodium chloride.</p><p>9. The alkaline earth metals are the elements of ______.</p><p>10. Is the following sentence true or false? Alkaline earth metal salts are more soluble in water than are the corresponding alkali metal salts. ______</p><p>11. What do the alkaline earth metals produce when they react with water?</p><p>12. Color and label the location of the alkaline earth metals in the figure below.</p><p>13. Although the alkaline earth metals are not found uncombined in nature, they are ______reactive than the alkali metals in Group 1A.</p><p>14. Which are the two most important alkaline earth metals?</p><p>15. What is the common name for calcium oxide?</p><p>24.2 1. How does boron occur naturally?</p><p>. 2. What is the chemical sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na2 B4O7 10H2O)?</p><p>3. Pure boron is black, lustrous, and extremely hard but brittle. It is also a metalloid, or ______.</p><p>4. The compound boron carbide is used to make machine tools because it is almost as hard as ______.</p><p>5. ______is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust. 6. Name the metal elements in Group 3A. ______</p><p>7. Complete the sentence with the letter of the correct term(s). Cut forms of corundum (impure aluminum oxide) with trace amounts of other elements are the gemstones ______. a. diamond b. ruby c. emerald d. sapphire e. citrine</p><p>8. Look at Figure 24.9 on page 713. Aluminum is used in aircraft production because it is______, ______, and resists ______.</p><p>9. Is the following sentence true or false? The Group 3A elements, other than boron and aluminum, are quite rare. ______</p><p>10. Which elements in Group 4A are two of the most important elements on Earth?</p><p>11. The three allotropes of carbon are ______, ______, and ______.</p><p>12. Which two elements in Group 4A are semiconductors?</p><p>13. Match the element with its use. ______silicon a. electrodes in storage batteries ______tin b. computer chips ______lead c. alloys such as bronze and solder</p><p>14. Why is lead no longer used in plumbing and in gasoline?</p><p>15. Which elements in Group 5A are nonmetals?</p><p>16. Is the following sentence true or false? Nitrogen is used by the human body in its elemental form.______</p><p>17. Plants use fixed nitrogen compounds to synthesize ______and other biologically important nitrogen-containing compounds.</p><p>18. The most important industrial uses of atmospheric nitrogen are in the manufacture of ______and ______.</p><p>19. Which Group 5A element other than nitrogen is essential to living organisms? ______</p><p>20. Which elements in Group 6A are nonmetals?</p><p>21. ______is Earth’s most abundant element.</p><p>22. Circle the letter of locations where ozone (O3 ) is produced. a. in silicate rocks c. near high-voltage generators b. Earth’s upper atmosphere d. in liquified air</p><p>23. Where do you find sulfur in the elemental state? ______</p><p>24. Circle the letter of the number of sulfur atoms in each molecule of crystalline sulfur. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8</p><p>25. Is the following sentence true or false? The halogens exist in nature in the uncombined state. ______26. Which elements in Group 7A are gases at room temperature?______</p><p>27. Halide ions are abundant in ______water and in ______formed by the evaporation of salt water.</p><p>28. Which halogen is the most chemically reactive of all the nonmetals? ______</p><p>29. Describe two important uses for chlorine. a. b.</p><p>24.3 1. What are minerals used for the commercial production of metals called?</p><p>2. ______is the use of various procedures to separate metals from their ores.</p><p>3. Complete the list of basic steps used to separate metals from their ores. a. ______the ore b. chemically ______the ore to the metal c. refining and ______the metal</p><p>4. Is the following sentence true or false? As atomic number increases among the transition metals, there is an increase in the number of electrons in the second-to-highest energy level. ______</p><p>5. Look at Table 24.4 on page 725. Match the transition metal with its use. ______cobalt a. filaments for light bulbs ______tungsten b. electrical wiring ______platinum c. treatment of cancer ______copper d. as a catalyst</p><p>6. Match the element with its use(s). ______titanium a. brass d. in dry cell batteries ______zinc b. sunscreen e. stainless steel ______chromium c. galvanized steel f. aircraft engines</p><p>7. What are the most common oxidation states of chromium?</p><p>8. List the metals iron, cobalt, and nickel in order from least to most magnetic.</p><p>9. There are two types of steels. ______steels contain no ______other than iron. ______steels contain other ______in small amounts.</p><p>10. Monel metal is a strong, corrosion-resistant alloy of ______and ______.</p><p>11. Do copper, silver, and gold occur in the free state naturally or are they combined with nonmetals? What is the collective name for these metals?</p><p>12. Brass is an alloy of copper with ______; bronze is an alloy of copper with ______.</p><p>13. Is the following sentence true or false? Both gold and silver resist corrosion.______</p><p>14. What property of silver makes it useful as a coating for mirrors?</p><p>15. Explain why gold alloys are used in jewelry. 16. The lanthanides and actinides are called the ______because their seven inner 4f and 5f orbitals, respectively, are being filled.</p><p>17. Why is it difficult to separate individual lanthanides from their ores?</p><p>18. What are elements with atomic numbers greater than 92 called?</p><p>24.4 1. What is the most abundant hydrogen-containing compound on Earth?</p><p>2. Name the three naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen.</p><p>3. Where does hydrogen usually appear in the periodic table?</p><p>4. Is the following sentence true or false? Hydrogen loses its single electron with great difficulty. ______</p><p>5. What is the major industrial use of hydrogen?</p><p>6. The name of the process that converts vegetable oils into solid fats is______.</p><p>7. What is the name of the process that is used to prepare hydrogen commercially from water? ______</p><p>8. Is the following sentence true or false? The Group 0 gases tend to exist as separate atoms rather than in combination with other atoms because they are extremely unreactive. ______</p><p>9. Scientists have prepared compounds for which three noble gases?</p><p>Match each Group 0, Group IIIVA gas with its uses. ______10. helium a. inert atmospheres ______11. neon b. artificial atmospheres ______12. argon c. weather balloons ______13. krypton d. neon signs ______14. xenon</p>