June 28, 2016 u vol. 113 u no. 26 From the Cover 7106 Topological defects in liquid crystals E3619 Translation control in Fragile X syndrome E3686 Voltage-sensing phosphatase activities E3782 Aerobic glycolysis and learning 7261 Electric field sensing by bumblebees Contents THIS WEEK IN PNAS Cover image: Pictured is a polarized 7003 In This Issue optical micrograph of a plastic sheet with an array of holes drilled into it and suspended in a nematic-phase liquid LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) crystal. Lisa Tran et al. found that such a sheet induced arrays of topological E3590 Reduced nitrogen dominated nitrogen deposition in the United States, but its defect lines in a nematic liquid crystal. contribution to nitrogen deposition in China decreased The authors further demonstrated how Xuejun Liu, Wen Xu, Enzai Du, Yuepeng Pan, and Keith Goulding the energy of the liquid crystal and the E3592 Reply to Liu et al.: On the importance of US deposition of nitrogen dioxide, geometry of the holes affect the defect coarse particle nitrate, and organic nitrogen patterns. The findings might have Yi Li, Bret A. Schichtel, John T. Walker, Donna B. Schwede, Xi Chen, Christopher M. B. applications in electronic displays, Lehmann, Melissa A. Puchalski, David A. Gay, and Jeffrey L. Collett Jr. where nematic liquid crystals are widely used. See the article by Tran et al. on E3594 Rise and fall of nitrogen deposition in the United States pages 7106–7111. Image courtesy of Enzai Du Lisa Tran. E3596 Adult pelvic shape change is an evolutionary side effect Philipp Mitteroecker and Barbara Fischer E3597 Reply to Mitteroecker and Fischer: Developmental solutions to the obstetrical dilemma are not Gouldian spandrels Marcia S. Ponce de Leo´n, Alik Huseynov, and Christoph P. E. Zollikofer INNER WORKINGS—An over-the-shoulder look at scientists at work 7005 Will hagfish yield the fibers of the future? Amber Dance CORE CONCEPTS—A brief introduction to emerging topics in science 7007 Basket trial approach capitalizes on the molecular mechanisms of tumors Stephen Ornes COMMENTARIES 7009 Promiscuous or discriminating: Has the favored mRNA target of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein been overlooked? Aoife C. McMahon and Michael Rosbash See companion article on page E3619 Free online through the PNAS open access option. PNAS u June 28, 2016 u vol. 113 u no. 26 u iii–vii Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 7012 Simple scheme of lipid enzyme can explain complex EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES lives of phosphoinositides 7071 Silicic volcanism on Mars evidenced by tridymite in Yasushi Okamura high-SiO2 sedimentary rock at Gale crater See companion article on page E3686 Richard V. Morris, David T. Vaniman, David F. Blake, Ralf Gellert, 7015 Imaging brain aerobic glycolysis as a marker of Steve J. Chipera, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Douglas W. Ming, Shaunna M. Morrison, Robert T. Downs, Allan H. Treiman, synaptic plasticity Albert S. Yen, John P. Grotzinger, Cherie N. Achilles, Thomas F. Pierre J. Magistretti Bristow, Joy A. Crisp, David J. Des Marais, Jack D. Farmer, See companion article on page E3782 Kim V. Fendrich, Jens Frydenvang, Trevor G. Graff, 7017 The VEXing problem of monoallelic expression in the John-Michael Morookian, Edward M. Stolper, African trypanosome and Susanne P. Schwenzer Danae Schulz and F. Nina Papavasiliou 7077 Shock synthesis of quasicrystals with implications for See companion article on page 7225 their origin in asteroid collisions Paul D. Asimow, Chaney Lin, Luca Bindi, Chi Ma, Oliver 7020 Electric fields of flowers stimulate the sensory hairs of Tschauner, Lincoln S. Hollister, and Paul J. Steinhardt bumble bees Harold H. Zakon 7082 Magnesium isotope geochemistry in arc volcanism Fang-Zhen Teng, Yan Hu, and Catherine Chauvel See companion article on page 7261 7189 Late Cenozoic onset of the latitudinal diversity gradient of North American mammals PNAS PLUS Jonathan D. Marcot, David L. Fox, and Spencer R. Niebuhr 7022 Significance Statements ENGINEERING Brief statements written by the authors about the significance of their papers. E3599 Longitudinal multiparameter assay of lymphocyte interactions from onset by microfluidic cell pairing and culture Burak Dura, Mariah M. Servos, Rachel M. Barry, Hidde L. Ploegh, PERSPECTIVE Stephanie K. Dougan, and Joel Voldman 7026 Electron collisions with atoms, ions, molecules, and 7088 Highly specific SNP detection using 2D graphene surfaces: Fundamental science empowering electronics and DNA strand displacement advances in technology Michael T. Hwang, Preston B. Landon, Joon Lee, Klaus Bartschat and Mark J. Kushner Duyoung Choi, Alexander H. Mo, Gennadi Glinsky, and Ratnesh Lal 7094 Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with PHYSICAL SCIENCES 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries Kun (Kelvin) Fu, Yunhui Gong, Jiaqi Dai, Amy Gong, APPLIED MATHEMATICS Xiaogang Han, Yonggang Yao, Chengwei Wang, Yibo Wang, 7035 Hierarchical structures of amorphous solids characterized Yanan Chen, Chaoyi Yan, Yiju Li, Eric D. Wachsman, by persistent homology and Liangbing Hu Yasuaki Hiraoka, Takenobu Nakamura, Akihiko Hirata, Emerson G. 7201 Superresolution imaging reveals nanometer- and Escolar, Kaname Matsue, and Yasumasa Nishiura micrometer-scale spatial distributions of T-cell receptors in lymph nodes APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES Ying S. Hu, Hu Cang, and Bjo¨rn F. Lillemeier 7041 Polymers in the gut compress the colonic mucus hydrogel PHYSICS Sujit S. Datta, Asher Preska Steinberg, and Rustem F. Ismagilov 7100 Emergent perversions in the buckling of 7047 Scaling identity connects human mobility and heterogeneous elastic strips social interactions Shuangping Liu, Zhenwei Yao, Kevin Chiou, Samuel I. Pierre Deville, Chaoming Song, Nathan Eagle, Vincent D. Stupp, and Monica Olvera de la Cruz Blondel, Albert-La´szlo´ Baraba´si, and Dashun Wang 7106 Lassoing saddle splay and the geometrical control of 7053 How the toughness in metallic glasses depends on topological defects topological and chemical heterogeneity Lisa Tran, Maxim O. Lavrentovich, Daniel A. Beller, Ningwei Li, Qi An, Konrad Samwer, Marios D. Demetriou, Michael C. Kathleen J. Stebe, and Randall D. Kamien Floyd, Danielle O. Duggins, William L. Johnson, and William A. Goddard III SOCIAL SCIENCES 7059 Evaporation-induced stimulation of bacterial osmoregulation for electrical assessment POLITICAL SCIENCES of cell viability 7112 A field experiment shows that subtle linguistic cues Aida Ebrahimi and Muhammad Ashraful Alam might not affect voter behavior Alan S. Gerber, Gregory A. Huber, Daniel R. Biggers, CHEMISTRY and David J. Hendry 7065 Chemical properties of lipids strongly affect the kinetics of the membrane-induced aggregation SOCIAL SCIENCES of α-synuclein 7047 Scaling identity connects human mobility and Ce´line Galvagnion, James W. P. Brown, Myriam M. Ouberai, social interactions Patrick Flagmeier, Michele Vendruscolo, Alexander K. Buell, Pierre Deville, Chaoming Song, Nathan Eagle, Vincent D. Emma Sparr, and Christopher M. Dobson Blondel, Albert-La´szlo´ Baraba´si, and Dashun Wang iv u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 7148 Structures of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES from pathogenic fungi reveal the mechanisms of AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES substrate recognition and catalysis 7118 Overexpression of a pH-sensitive nitrate transporter in Yi Miao, Jennifer L. Tenor, Dena L. Toffaletti, Erica J. Washington, Jiuyu Liu, William R. Shadrick, Maria A. Schumacher, Richard E. Lee, rice increases crop yields John R. Perfect, and Richard G. Brennan Xiaorong Fan (范晓荣), Zhong Tang (唐仲), Yawen Tan (谭雅文), Yong Zhang (张勇), Bingbing Luo (罗冰冰), Meng Yang (杨锰), 7154 Structure of a phleboviral envelope glycoprotein reveals Xingming Lian (练兴明), Qirong Shen (沈其荣), Anthony John a consolidated model of membrane fusion Miller, and Guohua Xu (徐国华) Steinar Halldorsson, Anna-Janina Behrens, Karl Harlos, Juha T. Huiskonen, Richard M. Elliott, Max Crispin, Benjamin Brennan, APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES and Thomas A. Bowden E3609 Outer membrane vesicles displaying engineered BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY glycotopes elicit protective antibodies E3649 Defining chromosomal translocation risks in cancer Linxiao Chen, Jenny L. Valentine, Chung-Jr Huang, Christine E. Marc A. Hogenbirk, Marinus R. Heideman, Iris de Rink, Arno Velds, Endicott, Tyler D. Moeller, Jed A. Rasmussen, Joshua R. Ron M. Kerkhoven, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, and Heinz Jacobs Fletcher, Joseph M. Boll, Joseph A. Rosenthal, Justyna Dobruchowska, Zhirui Wang, Christian Heiss, Parastoo Azadi, E3657 Rational design and validation of a vanilloid-sensitive David Putnam, M. Stephen Trent, Bradley D. Jones, TRPV2 ion channel and Matthew P. DeLisa Fan Yang (杨帆), Simon Vu, Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy, 郑劼 7124 PROTAC-induced BET protein degradation as a and Jie Zheng ( ) therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer 7041 Polymers in the gut compress the colonic Kanak Raina, Jing Lu, Yimin Qian, Martha Altieri, Deborah mucus hydrogel Gordon, Ann Marie K. Rossi, Jing Wang, Xin Chen, Hanqing Sujit S. Datta, Asher Preska Steinberg, and Rustem F. Ismagilov Dong, Kam Siu, James D. Winkler, Andrew P. Crew, Craig M. 7160 Structural basis of adhesive binding by desmocollins Crews, and Kevin G. Coleman and desmogleins Oliver J. Harrison, Julia Brasch, Gorka Lasso, Phinikoula S. BIOCHEMISTRY Katsamba, Goran Ahlsen, Barry Honig, and Lawrence Shapiro E3619 Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) controls 7166 Amino acid sequence repertoire of the bacterial diacylglycerol