<p>Greece Portion of the Review Guide</p><p>Early Greece</p><p>1. Who were the Minoans? </p><p>______</p><p>2. Who were the Mycenaeans?</p><p>______</p><p>3. Describe why the DARK AGES occurred after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.</p><p>______</p><p>Social Life in Greece</p><p>4. Describe an acropolis.</p><p>______</p><p>5. Describe a polis, or a city-state. </p><p>______</p><p>Architecture</p><p>6. Describe the architecture of Greek temples (3 columns). Then, explain the purpose of the temple in Greek life.</p><p>______</p><p>Geography</p><p>7. Describe Greece’s geographical features and how it affected the development of city-states/trade.</p><p>______</p><p>8. What was the effect of Greek colonization in the Mediterranean?</p><p>______9. Know the location of the following cities on a map: Athens, Aegean Sea, and Sparta. </p><p>Government</p><p>10. Describe the following forms of government found within the Greek city-states: Oligarchy, Monarchy, Democracy</p><p>______</p><p>11. How did Athens expand democracy in its city-state? (Use the following people: Draco, Solon, Peisistratrus, Cleisthenes, and Pericles)</p><p>______</p><p>War</p><p>12. Describe key people, battles, and outcomes of the Trojan War. ______</p><p>13. Describe key people, battles and outcomes of the Persian War.</p><p>______14. Describe key people, battles, and outcomes of the Peloponnesian War. </p><p>______</p><p>Philosophy</p><p>15. How did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle differ in their beliefs?</p><p>Socrates:______Plato:______Aristotle:______</p><p>Alexander the Great</p><p>16. Who was Alexander the Great?</p><p>______</p><p>17. Describe how Alexander affected the Greek/Asian worlds.</p><p>______</p><p>18. Describe the Hellenistic culture that developed because of Alexander.</p><p>______</p><p>Early Rome.</p><p>19. Describe the three groups that settled in the Italian Peninsula around 800 B.C. (Estruscans, Latins, and Greeks).</p><p>______</p><p>Early Roman Government.</p><p>20. Describe the government of the Etruscans. </p><p>______</p><p>21. What form of government did the Latins develop after the fall of the Etruscan king?</p><p>______22. What is a Republic?</p><p>______</p><p>23. What were the Twelve Tables (later evolved into the Law of Nations)? Who was affected by these laws? ______</p><p>24. Describe the Roman Republic using the following terms: (consuls, praetors, dictator, Senate, Assembly)</p><p>______</p><p>25. Who were patricians and plebeians?</p><p>______War</p><p>26. Describe key battles, people, and outcomes of the Punic Wars (3)?</p><p>______</p><p>Republic to Empire</p><p>27. Who were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, and what did they try to remedy?</p><p>______</p><p>28. Who was Julius Caesar, and how did he change the Republic?</p><p>______</p><p>29. Who was involved in the First Triumvirate?</p><p>______</p><p>Roman Emperors</p><p>30. What was the Pax Romana? When did it occur?</p><p>______</p><p>31. Describe the following emperors and the effects they had on the Roman Empire. Nero:______</p><p>Constantine:______</p><p>Hadrian:______</p><p>Diocletian:______</p><p>Theodosius the Great:______</p><p>Roman Religion</p><p>32. Who were Romans supposed to worship like a god/goddess?</p><p>______</p><p>33. Describe at least two important gods/goddesses to the Romans.</p><p>______</p><p>34. Who was Jesus, and how did he affect the lives of people within Judea and Galilee?</p><p>______</p><p>35. How did the Edict of Milan affect Christians within the Roman Empire?</p><p>______</p><p>Social Life in Rome</p><p>36. What were the gladiatorial games, and who fought in them? </p><p>______</p><p>37. What was the Colosseum used for?</p><p>______</p><p>38. Were Romans distracted by the entertainment from more serious problems within Rome? Describe why or why not. ______</p><p>Downfall of the Republic</p><p>39. Who were the first invaders to sack Rome?</p><p>______</p><p>Middle Ages Portion of the Review Guide</p><p>The Church in the Middle Ages</p><p>40. Who were bishops and what was the hierarchy of the church? (Monks, Bishops, Abbots, Parishes, Pope, etc.) </p><p>______</p><p>41. What specific tasks were the monks in the monasteries carrying out? (IE Translation)</p><p>______</p><p>42. Describe the learning that is going on inside the monasteries during the Middle Ages. </p><p>______</p><p>43. What role did the Concordat of Worms play in history?</p><p>______</p><p>44. Describe what the Inquisition was. What justification did Christians use for carrying out its activites? </p><p>______</p><p>45. What role did Ferdinand and Isabella play in the expelling of Jews and Muslims from Spain? ______</p><p>46. What were the typical vows that were taken by monks during the Middle Ages?</p><p>______</p><p>47. Describe the influence that Saint Benedict had on religion during the Middle Ages? What is monasticism? ______</p><p>48. Which group asked for help to prevent the Muslims from controlling Jerusalem, prior to the start of the Crusades? Why would the Rome help? ______</p><p>49. What types of opportunities did crusaders, knights and merchants have in participating in the Crusades? (IE Adventure, Goods) </p><p>______</p><p>50. How did the practice of Lay Investiture work in the church and monarchies in Medieval Europe? ______</p><p>51. Who was Pope Innocent III and how did he use the practice of interdicts? ______</p><p>Feudalism </p><p>52. What is feudalism? What type of contract did lords and vassals have?</p><p>______</p><p>53. What is a fief? Why was this important to the political system of feudalism?</p><p>______</p><p>54. Describe how a feudal contract worked between a lord and his vassal? Was this actually written?</p><p>______</p><p>Manoral System</p><p>55. What role did serfs play on individual Manors? What were they allowed and not allowed to do?</p><p>______</p><p>56. How did Serfs and Peasants differ?</p><p>______Technology</p><p>57. List and describe several inventions that helped improve farming during the Middle Ages? (IE horse collar and horse shoe)</p><p>58. How did the Flying Buttress change architecture in the late Middle Ages? What other inventions brought about Gothic architecture?</p><p>______</p><p>Life in the Middle Ages</p><p>59. Describe what role Chivalry played on everyday life? How did knights uphold this honor?</p><p>______</p><p>60. Who was Saladin and what impact would he have on the Muslim forces in Jerusalem?</p><p>______</p><p>61. Describe the reason the 100 Years War came about? How did Joan of Arc play a part? ______</p><p>Renaissance</p><p>62 How did the war for control of Italy between France and Spain end? </p><p>______</p><p>63. Why was Leonardo Da Vinci embody Italian Social ideals? </p><p>______</p><p>64. Whose Frescos are considered the early renaissance Masterpieces?</p><p>______</p><p>65. What did Christian Humanists believe? </p><p>______66. What is Baldassare Castiglione‘s, The Book of the Courtier, about?</p><p>______</p><p>67. Why did parents in the Renaissance arrange marriages?</p><p>______</p><p>68. Why was Chaucer’s, The Canterbury Tales, important? ______</p><p>69. What did the Humanist movement have a significant impact on? ______</p><p>70. Which artists are considered part of the High Renaissance? ______</p><p>71. Who exemplifies a Christian Humanist? ______</p><p>72. According Machivelli’s, The Prince, what should a prince be? ______</p><p>73. When was Savonarola sentenced to death for heresy? ______</p><p>74. What types of people had trading centers in eastern ports? ______</p><p>75. What Middle Eastern goods were in high demand in Europe? ______</p><p>76. Which Italian city-state created an efficient tax system to generate revenue for the government? ______</p><p>77. What happened to church doctrines as Italian states became wealthier? ______</p><p>78. Who is Albrecht Dürer? ______</p><p>79. Which Northern Renaissance artist, imitated nature, not by using perspective, like the Italians, but by observing and portraying details the best he could in his paintings? The Reformation 80. What importance and development did the printing press lead to in Europe? ______</p><p>81. What were the main criticisms that Martin Luther had with the Catholic Church? ______</p><p>82. What did Luther believe could only believe could be achieved though faith alone? ______</p><p>83. Describe the role indulgences played in the Catholic Reformation? ______</p><p>84. Describe the concept of Predestination ______</p><p>85. Who was John Calvin and what role did he play in the Protestant Reformation? ______</p>