<p> Chapter 1 - Interactions of Living Things </p><p> Ecology – The study of the of with one another and with their environment.</p><p> Environment consists of all things that the organism 2 Parts of an Environment: 1. Biotic- All of the organisms in an .</p><p>2. Abiotic: All parts in an .</p><p>. Ex: Water, soil, , temperature, ______, etc. </p><p>Levels within Environment: 1. - Any ______thing. </p><p>2. - Group of of the same </p><p> that live in a specific area. </p><p>3. - All of the of species that live in the same and with one another.</p><p>4. - A of organisms and their environment.</p><p>5. - Part of where life exists. Extends from the</p><p> parts of the to high in the .</p><p>Living Things Need Energy  Organisms obtain in a variety of ways based upon the way they accumulate energy.</p><p> The three groups are: 1. ______- organisms that their own food using in a process called ______. Examples: plants, algae, bacteria.</p><p>2. ______- organisms that other . There are 4 types of Consumers: A.i.1. ______- only eat plants (Ex. Rabbit) A.i.2. ______- only eat animals (Ex. Tiger) A.i.3. ______- eat both plants and animals (Ex. Human) A.i.4. ______- eat dead plants and animals (Ex. Vulture) 3. ______- organisms that get energy by breaking down organisms. Also known as: (Examples: Bacteria, Fungi).</p><p>Food Chains, Food Webs  ______- a diagram that shows how in food flows from one organism to another. </p><p> ______-shows all of the different of energy flow between different organisms.</p><p>Energy Pyramid  An energy pyramid shows an loss of energy.</p><p> The most amount of energy is found at the ______of an energy pyramid. </p><p> As you travel up the pyramid there is ______energy left from the original source. </p><p> Less energy is available at higher levels because only ______stored in the of an organism can be transferred to the next level.</p><p>Interactions with the Environment  An organism’s ______is the area in which it lives. (Ex: A frog lives in a pond)</p><p> The organism’s way of life, is called their . This includes their habitat, food, and the abiotic factors that affect them such as and . </p><p> Most living things produce ______offspring than will ______(ex: frog eggs)  Biotic and abiotic factors affect survival rate and ______the size of the population.</p><p>Limiting Factors  Populations cannot grow without ______.</p><p> Limiting Factor - a resource that is so that it ______the size of the population.</p><p> Any resource can be a limiting factor such as: </p><p> , Accidents, Natural Factors ______, Hunting, ______, Other </p><p>Carrying Capacity  The ______population that an environment can support at any given time.</p><p> When a population grows larger than , limiting factors cause individuals to ______or die off.</p><p> **The population will eventually ______to a size that the environment can support** </p><p>Interactions between Organisms (Four main ways that species and individuals affect each other) 1. ______- When 2 or more individuals or populations try to use the same </p><p>______. Resources have a limited supply, therefore the use by one______the availability for others. Happens ______populations or ______populations.</p><p>2. ______</p><p> Prey – is an organism that is ______. They have ______and abilities to keep from being eaten. (Examples: Run, travel in groups, camouflage, poisonous, coloration, etc.)</p><p> Predator- is an organism that the prey. They have methods to catch their prey such as speed, , coloration, etc.</p><p> Camouflage - ______in with the .</p><p> Defensive chemicals – Skunk, Bees, Wasps, Frogs</p><p> Warning coloration - colors that associate with ______or .</p><p> o Ex: Bright red, yellow, orange, black and white 3. ______- Relationship in which two different organisms live in _ association with each other. They can ______from, be by or ______by the relationship. There are three types of relationships: A.) Mutualism- Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms ______(++) . Examples: Bacteria in your intestines, Coral and algae</p><p>B.) Commensalism - Symbiotic relationship in which one organism ______and the other is ______(+ o). o Example: Sharks and remoras (remoras “hitch a ride” and feed on scraps left by sharks and sharks are unaffected) </p><p>C.)Parasitism - Symbiotic relationship in which one organism ______and one is ______(+ -).  ______= organism that benefits</p><p> ______= organism that is harmed</p><p> Parasite gets nourishment from host while host is ______or sometimes killed. . Example: Ticks, tapeworms, tomato hornworm, etc </p><p>4. ______- The evolution of two species that is due to ______influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more beneficial to both species.  Relationships between organisms ______over time and interactions can change the ______.</p><p> Take place between any organisms that live together, but happen over long periods of time.</p><p>EXAMPLE: Coevolution and Flowers  ______is necessary for reproduction of plants.</p><p> Pollinator - Organism that ______pollen from one flower to another (Ex. Bees, bats, birds). </p><p> Flowers have ______to attract pollinators. (Example: Color, odor or nectar)</p>