<p>TABLE 1</p><p>The concept of salience network dysfunction in schizophrenia: from neuroimaging observations to therapeutic opportunities Palaniyappan et al.</p><p>Study Number of studies Contrast reduction in patients</p><p>Bora 12 SCZ vs. HC </p><p>2011a29 cortex, bilateral ACC, </p><p> bilateral STG Bora 39 SCZ vs. HC </p><p>2011a29 left STG, bilateral ACC and </p><p> dorsomedial frontal </p><p> regions Bora 49 SCZ vs. HC</p><p>2011b28 insula/inferior frontal, </p><p>Bilateral thalamus, </p><p>Bilateral ACC/medial </p><p> frontal Chan 201137 19 Chronic SCZ vs. HC</p><p>IFG, left ACC, bilateral </p><p> amygdala, right STG, left </p><p> thalamus Chan 201137 14 FEP vs HC</p><p>STG, left amygdala, right </p><p>IFG, right cingulate gyrus, Ellison- 20 Chronic SCZ vs. HC</p><p>Wright 2008 31 bilateral ACC the left IFG &</p><p>1 of 33 middle frontal gyrus, left </p><p> fusiform gyrus, right </p><p> superior/middle temporal </p><p> gyrus, </p><p> uncus/amygdala, right </p><p> hippocampus Ellison- 7 FEP vs. HC</p><p>Wright 200831 uncus/amygdala, bilateral </p><p> insula, bilateral caudate, </p><p> bilateral inferior frontal </p><p> gyrus, left postcentral </p><p> gyrus. Ellison- 42 SCZ vs. HC</p><p>Wright 201032 ACC, left thalamus, </p><p> bilateral medial frontal </p><p> gyrus Fornito 37 SCZ vs. HC</p><p>200933 bilateral ACC, left </p><p>PCC/precuneus, left </p><p> amygdala/PHG, left </p><p> fusiform Fusar-Poli 8 Neuroleptic naïve FEP vs. HC</p><p>2011 26, 201234 right STG, cerebellum Glahn 2008 31 SCZ vs. HC</p><p>35 (ventral, dorsa and </p><p> subgenual), left PHG, </p><p> thalamus, left postcentral </p><p> gyrus, left MFG Leung 6 Neuroleptic naïve FEP vs HC</p><p>201136 bilateral insula, right MFG,</p><p> right STG, Leung 9 Neuroleptic treated FEP vs.HC</p><p>201136 MFG and ACC, bilateral </p><p>STG, right IFG, left </p><p>PHG/amygdala.</p><p>2 Table 1: Meta-analyses on voxel based morphometric studies highlighting the consistency of structural deficits in the Salience Network when patients with schizophrenia are compared with healthy controls. SCZ: Mixed samples of patients with variable duration of established schizophrenia FEP: First episode psychosis HC: Healthy controls ACC: Anterior cingulate cortex IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus PCC: posterior cingulate cortex PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus ALE: Activation Likelihood Estimation SDM: Signed Differential Mapping</p><p>3 of 33 (26) Fusar-Poli, P.; Radua, J.; McGuire, P.; Stefan, B. Schizophr Bull 2011; epub doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbr134. (28) Bora, E.; Fornito, A.; Radua, J.; Walterfang, M.; Seal, M.; Wood, S. J.; Yücel, M.; Velakoulis, D.; Pantelis, C. Schizophr. Res. 2011, 127, 46–57. (29) Bora, E.; Fornito, A.; Yücel, M.; Pantelis, C. Psychological Medicine 2011, FirstView, 1–13. (30) Chan, R. C. K.; Di, X.; McAlonan, G. M.; Gong, Q. Schizophr Bull 2011, 37, 177– 188. (31) Ellison-Wright, I.; Glahn, D. C.; Laird, A. R.; Thelen, S. M.; Bullmore, E. Am J Psychiatry 2008, 165, 1015–1023. (32) Ellison-Wright, I.; Bullmore, E. Schizophr. Res 2010, 117, 1–12. (33) Fornito, A.; Yücel, M.; Patti, J.; Wood, S. J.; Pantelis, C. Schizophr. Res 2009, 108, 104–113. (34) Fusar-Poli, P.; Smieskova, R.; Serafini, G.; Politi, P.; Borgwardt, S. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2012, 1–10. (35) Glahn, D. C.; Laird, A. R.; Ellison-Wright, I.; Thelen, S. M.; Robinson, J. L.; Lancaster, J. L.; Bullmore, E.; Fox, P. T. Biological Psychiatry 2008, 64, 774–781. (36) Leung, M.; Cheung, C.; Yu, K.; Yip, B.; Sham, P.; Li, Q.; Chua, S.; McAlonan, G. Schizophr Bull 2009, sbp099. (37) Chan, R. C. K.; Di, X.; McAlonan, G. M.; Gong, Q. Schizophr Bull 2009, sbp073.</p><p>4 of 33</p>