<p>Biology-1 Exam Three Study Guide</p><p>Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance</p><p> What is Chromatin?</p><p> Chromosome, sister chromatid, centromere, centriole, centrosome</p><p> Asexual reproduction/sexual reproduction</p><p> Binary fission</p><p> Cell cycle and its phases and subphases</p><p> Mitosis and Meiosis</p><p> Crossing over, chiasma, tetrad; when does this happen?</p><p> Mitotic spindle</p><p> Cleavage furrow/cell plate formation</p><p> How do the following relate to cell division?</p><p> o Presence/lack of essential nutrients</p><p> o Anchorage dependence</p><p> o Density-dependent inhibition</p><p> o Growth factors</p><p> Cell cycle checkpoints</p><p> Benign/malignant tumors and their characteristics</p><p> Somatic cells, sex cells (gametes)</p><p> Sex chromosome, autosome</p><p> Homologous chromosome</p><p> Locus</p><p> Alleles</p><p> Haploid vs. diploid</p><p> Fertilization, zygote</p><p> nondisjunction</p><p> Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation of chromosomes</p><p> What are several mechanisms discussed in class that lead to genetic variation in the zygote Biology-1 Exam Three Study Guide</p><p>Patterns of Inheritance/Human Genetics </p><p> What is the main organism that Gregor Mendel used in his experiments and why?</p><p> Heredity and genetics</p><p> True-bredding, hybrids, P generation, F1 generation, F2 generation</p><p> Mono/dihybrid crosses</p><p> What were Mendel’s four hypotheses based on his studies of pea plants</p><p> Alleles, homo/heterozygous</p><p> Genotype, phenotype</p><p> Be able to explain the law of segregation and law of independent assortment</p><p> What is a testcross useful for and how do you perform a test cross</p><p> Know how to use the rule of multiplication to predict the probable genotypes of offspring</p><p> Recessive, dominant, codominance, incomplete dominance</p><p> Pleitropy, polygenic inheritance</p><p> Sex linked genes</p><p>Molecular Biology of the Gene (DNA/RNA structure and DNA replication</p><p> What is a nucleotide? What is a polynucleotide?</p><p> Difference between a DNA and RNA nucleotide?</p><p> DNA and RNA structure and function</p><p> Base pairing rules in DNA and RNA</p><p> Antiparallel nature of DNA, what functional groups are attached to the 5’ and 3’ ends of DNA</p><p> What observations/data were used in order for Watson and Crick to deduce the structure of DNA</p><p> Semiconservative DNA replication and key enzymes involved.</p><p> Differences in Leading and lagging strands.</p><p> Okazaki fragments</p><p> Replication bubble, fork, origin(s) of replication Biology-1 Exam Three Study Guide  What is the direction of DNA replication? (think 5’ and 3’)</p>