<p> Chapter 2; (1500-1733) The Planting of English America</p><p>I. England’s Imperial Stirrings</p><p>P.27 Initially, Catholic England allied Catholic Spain, but after the Protestant Revolution and Queen Elizabeth I’s ascendancy a fierce rivalry began.</p><p>-Disease killed most Native Americans by 17~ Century -3 European Powers in North America</p><p>1) French in Quebec 1608 (Catholic) 2) Spanish in Santa Fe 1610 (Catholic) 3) English in Jamestown 1607 (Protestant)</p><p>II. Elizabeth Energizes England</p><p>P. 28— English privateers (pirates) seized Spanish ships for 2 goals: 1) Spread Protestantism 2) Plunder ($) –Sir Francis Drake</p><p>Spanish Armada defeated in 1588. Spain declines as a world power. England, therefore, dominates the seas & result is increased colonization.</p><p>1st attempt at a colony Roanoke failed (vanished) in 1585.</p><p>III. England on the Eve of Empire — Creations ripe for colonization</p><p>P. 30 Population; Economy Needed Outlet</p><p>Creation of the Joint Stock Company which financially permitted colonization of North America.</p><p>1 IV. England Plants Jamestown (lst English colony in N. America)</p><p>P. 30 * Joint Stock Company of Virginia colonizes Jamestown * Charter gave colonists same Rights as Englishmen * 1st year 40 out of 60 die (Disease, starvation, etc.) * Captain John Smith saves the colony * By 1609 — 340 out of 400 die. By 1625 6,800 out of 8,000 die.</p><p>(See Class reading)</p><p>V. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake</p><p>P.32 1) Dominant Natives Indians in Virginia Powhatans</p><p>2) 1610 Lord De La War arrived began the 1st Powhatan War which employed Irish Tactics which included burning homes, destruction of food supply, etc.</p><p>3) In 1644 2nd Powhatan War resulted in lost of almost all Native ancestry land in the Chesapeake.</p><p>— Mid 1600s War w/ the Indians (Powhatan) — By 1669 90% of Indians in VA were dead: (3 Ds) 1) Disease 2) Disorganization 3) Disposability</p><p>VI. The Indians’ New World</p><p>P.33 Additional Effect of Europeans on Native Americans;</p><p>1) Great Plains Introduction of Horses to Lakota/Sioux.</p><p>2) Disease killed off large #s of natives.</p><p>3) Firearms gave tribes advantages over their enemies, but simultaneously made them dependent on European allies.</p><p>2 VII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco</p><p>* John Rolfe, Father of Tobacco * Tobacco saved Jamestown -- Increased European Demand 1619; Dutch sold ~ slaves to VA (to farm tobacco) * Virginia establishes the House of Burgesses (Representative Democracy) * 1624 James I revokes Charter & makes VA a “Royal Colony”</p><p>VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven</p><p>P.32 * 1634 Founded by Lord Baltimore (Catholic) * Plantation Colony; Catholic Haven * Tobacco farmed by white indentured servants * 1649 Act of Toleration (Religious freedom for Christians) Did not apply to Jews; or to atheists who were executed.</p><p>IX. West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America</p><p>P.33 * 1655 English colonized Caribbean (Jamaica) * Principal Product: Sugar * By 1700 Imported 250K slaves * Slaves outnumbered whites 4:1 * Wealthy controlled all the land; Most of poor left for S.C. * Barbados Slave Code 1661 1) legalized harsh punishment of slaves; whippings, beatings, & even death were permissible punishment for disobedient slaves. 2) Carolina later adopts BSC as their own 3) Jamaica sets model for African American slavery in the New World</p><p>X. Colonizing the Carolinas</p><p>P.35 * 1640-60 English Civil War (Charles I beheaded 1649) * Charles II restored monarchy & 1670 Carolina formally created & named after him. * Many settlers from Barbados & increase slave trade (Native</p><p>3 Americans). * Indian Wars w/ settlers & by 1710 coastal Indians annihilated * Principal Crop: Rice * Increased slave trade from Africa primarily b/c most African immune to malaria.</p><p>XI. Emergence of North Carolina</p><p>P. 36 * N.C. known as “VA discontents” between Aristocratic Plantation Virginians and “S.C. Squatters” * N.C. most independent and least aristocratic * 1721 North & South Carolina split creating separate colonies</p><p>XII. Late-Coming Georgia</p><p>P. 37 — “Buffer State” against Spanish & Indians to the South. —Founded in 1733; last colony of original 13 —Founder James Oglethorpe, philanthropist, for debtors -- provided for religious freedom for Protestants</p><p>XIII. Plantation Colonies</p><p>P.40 - MD, VA, NC, SC, GA -- Exported Commercial Agricultural products —Profitable Staple Products: Tobacco, Rice, —Aristocratic; Large Plantations —Plantations along the rivers —Some religious freedom, but tax-supported Church of England —Land Hungry, expansionists who depended on tobacco which ravaged the land & therefore brought them into conflict w/ Indians</p><p>4 The Iroquois</p><p>P.42 Iroquois Confederacy: “League of Confederacy”</p><p>1) Mohawk 2) Oneidas 3) Onondagas</p><p>4) Cayuga 5) Senecas 1722 Tuscaroras join.</p><p>* Iroquois attempted to dominate neighboring tribes and play off one European power against the other but ultimately decreased in power due to disease, alcohol & guns.</p><p>* Lived in Long Houses</p><p>* Matriarchal Society</p><p>5</p>